Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

Answer 1

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 2

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Answer 2

• occipital
• parietal
• frontal
• temporal

Question 3

What lobe of the brain contains the visual cortex?

Answer 3

Occipital lobe

Question 4

What is the anatomical name for the little brain?

Answer 4

Cerebellum

Question 5

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 5

Motor movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing

Question 6

What is the function of pons?

Answer 6

• control of breathing
• communication between parts of brain
• hearing
• taste
• balance

Question 7

What is the only cranial nerve that arises directly laterally from the pons?

Answer 7

Trigeminal nerve - CN V

Question 8

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 8

12

Question 9

What are protective coverings for the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 9

Meninges

Question 10

What are the 3 layers in meninges?

Answer 10

1. Dura matter
2. Arachnoid matter
3. Pia matter

Question 11

Does the dura matter receive pain?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What are the 2 layers of the dura matter?

Answer 12

1. periosteal
2. meningeal

Question 13

What forms when the 2 layers of dura matter come apart?

Answer 13

Dural venous sinuses

Question 14

What is the feature of the arachnoid matter?

Answer 14

arachnoid granulations which reabsorb CSF

Question 15

What space contains CFS?

Answer 15

Subarachnoid space

Question 16

How is CFS constantly recycled?

Answer 16

Via granulations into the dural venous sinuses

Question 17

Where does the pia matter lay?

Answer 17

follows the contours of the brain exactly

Question 18

What artery lies between the 2 layers of the dura matter?

Answer 18

Middle meningeal artery

Question 19

Where does the vertebral artery travel once it has left the subclavian artery?

Answer 19

Travels via the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae (entering at C6)

Question 20

Where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?

Answer 20

foramen magnum

Question 21

What do the right and left vertebral arteries joint together to form?

Answer 21

basilar artery

Question 22

What does the common carotid artery split into?

Answer 22

right and left internal carotid arteries

Question 23

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the brain?

Answer 23

via carotid canal

Question 24

What is the circle of Willis?

Answer 24

an arterial anastomosis - a network of connecting arteries

Question 25

What is the importance of the circle of Willis?

Answer 25

If there is blockage of one supply source then the brain will continue to be perfused with arterial blood due to the circle.

Question 26

What artery supplies the medial aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 26

right anterior cerebral artery

Question 27

What artery supplies the posterior aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 27

right posterior cerebral artery

Question 28

What artery supplies the lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 28

Left middle cerebral artery

Question 29

Where is the confluence of the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 29

the internal occipital protuberance

Question 30

What sinus becomes the right internal jugular vein and where?

Answer 30

right sigmoid sinus at the jugular foramen

Question 31

What gland is found between the cavernous sinuses?

Answer 31

pituitary gland

Question 32

What is the function of cerebral veins?

Answer 32

Return venous blood directly from the brain tissue back towards sinuses

Question 33

How many ventricles are in the brain?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

Where is CFS made?

Answer 34

lateral ventricles 1 and 2

Question 35

What is the function of arachnoid granulations?

Answer 35

recycle CFS

Question 36

Somatic sensory nerves are from?

Answer 36

skin, mucosa, fascia, bone, skeletal muscle

Question 37

somatic motor nerves supply?

Answer 37

motor muscle

Question 38

What nervous system are parasympathetic nerves part of?

Answer 38

autonomic nervous system

Question 39

Special sensory nerves are from?

Answer 39

special sense organs

Question 40

What cranial nerves are special sensory?

Answer 40

CN I - olfactory CN II - optic CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

Question 41

What cranial nerves are mixed?

Answer 41

CN III - oculomotor CN V - trigeminal CN VII - facial CN IX - glossopharyngeal CN X -

Question 42

What cranial nerves are somatic motor?

Answer 42

CN IV - trochlear CN VI - Abducent CN XI - Accessory spinal CN XII - Hypoglossal

Question 43

Where do olfactory receptor cells pass through?

Answer 43

Cribriform plate

Question 44

What is it called where the optic nerves cross over information?

Answer 44

Optic chiasma

Question 45

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

Answer 45

sense of smell

Question 46

What is the function of the optic nerve ?

Answer 46

sense of sight

Question 47

What are the 2 parts of the visual fields of the optic nerve?

Answer 47

temporal and nasal

Question 48

What perceives the nasal field of the optic nerve?

Answer 48

temporal part of the retina - no cross over

Question 49

What perceives the temporal field of the optic nerve?

Answer 49

nasal part of the retina - cross over at chiasma - perceived by right side of brain

Question 50

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

Answer 50

Eye muscles (somatic motor) sphincter pupillae muscle (parasympathetic)

Question 51

What muscle raises the eyelid?

Answer 51

levator palpebral superioris

Question 52

How would you clinically test the optic nerve?

Answer 52

pupillary light reflex

Question 53

What does the trochlear nerve supply?

Answer 53

superior oblique muscle (extra-ocular)

Question 54

What is the only cranial nerve to emerge from the posterior aspect of the midbrain?

Answer 54

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Question 55

What does the abducent nerve supply?

Answer 55

Lateral rectus muscle (extra-ocular)?

Question 56

Where does the abducent nerve lie?

Answer 56

junction between pons and medulla

Question 57

What are the 3 parts of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

Answer 57

Va - ophthalmic Vb - maxillary Vc - mandibular

Question 58

Where does the separate motor root of the trigeminal nerve join?

Answer 58

sensory part of Vc at foramen ovale

Question 59

What is the only cranial nerve to directly emerge from the pons?

Answer 59

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 60

Where does the trigeminal motor root sit?

Answer 60

deep to the trigeminal ganglion

Question 61

What does CN Va supply?

Answer 61

skin of upper face

Question 62

What does CN Vb supply?

Answer 62

skin of mid face

Question 63

What does CN Vc supply?

Answer 63

- sensory to skin of most of lower face - motor to muscles of mastication, ABD, mylohyoid and 2 tensors

Question 64

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

Answer 64

anterior middle posterior

Question 65

What cranial nerves enter the anterior fossa?

Answer 65

Olfactory CN I

Question 66

What cranial nerves enter the middle fossa?

Answer 66

CN II - CN VI

Question 67

What cranial nerves enter the posterior fossa?

Answer 67

CN VII - CN XII

Question 68

Where does CN Va exit?

Answer 68

superior orbital fissure

Question 69

Where does CN Vb exit?

Answer 69

foramen rotundum

Question 70

Where does CN Vc exit?

Answer 70

foraminal valley

Question 71

What does the trigeminal ganglion contain?

Answer 71

sensory fibres from Va, Vb and Vc join. cell bodies of CN V peripheral sensory neurones

Question 72

What is the function of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 72

removes venous blood from the cranial cavity

Question 73

What artery sits below the trigeminal ganglion at foramen spinosum?

Answer 73

middle meningeal artery

Question 74

What gland sits inferior to diaphragm sellae?

Answer 74

pituitary gland