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VETS1005 > The Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Another name for bone tissue

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2
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

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3
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone cell that forms bone tissue. Also known as immature bone cell

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4
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone cells that absorbs and removes tissue. Also known as phagocyte of bone

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5
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

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6
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage covering the surface of bones at a joint

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7
Q

Calcium

A

The most abundant mineral in the body. When combined with phosphorus it forms calcium phosphate, which is the principal calcium salt and hard material found in bones and teeth

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8
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy or porous bone found at the ends of long bones and in the inner portions of long bones

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9
Q

Collagen

A

Structural protein making up the white fibrous strands found in bone

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10
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone. Also known as cortical bone

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone. The plural is diaphyses

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12
Q

Endosteum

A

The inner lining of bone. This forms the lining of the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous region of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place. This is also known as the physis or growth plate

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14
Q

Epiphysis

A

Each end of the long bone. It is composed of cancellous bone and covered with articular cartilage. The plural I’d epiphyses

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15
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central, hollowed-out portion in the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow

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16
Q

Metaphysics

A

The flared portion of a long bone between the epiphyseal plate and diaphysis

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17
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane surrounding bone. This fibrous tissue contains blood vessels and nerves

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18
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Found in cancellous bone and its site of hematopoiesis (blood formation)

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19
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Found in disphysis of bone and consists of fatty tissue

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20
Q

Acetabulum

A

Cup-like depression in the pelvis that creates the hip joint

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21
Q

Bone head

A

Rounded articular process separated from the shaft of the bone by a neck. The bone head is usually covered in articular cartilage. Examples include the femoral head and numeral head

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22
Q

Condyle

A

Knuckle-like projections at the distal end of some long bones. They are usually covered by articular cartilage articulate with other bones. Examples include the femoral and numeral condyles

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23
Q

Crest

A

High projection or border projection of a bone. An example is the crest of the ilium

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24
Q

Foramen

A

A hole in bone that allows for the passage of nerves and vessels. Examples include the obturator foramen and the foramen magnum

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25
Fossa
Shallow cavity or depression in bone. An example would be the trochanteric fossa which lies between the greater and lesser trochanter
26
Groove
A narrow linear depression. Also known as a sulcus. An example is the bicipital groove on the humerus
27
Olecranon
Bony process at the proximal end of the ulna
28
Sinus
A hollow space or cavity in bone. An example is the nasal sinuses
29
Trochanter
Large, blunt, roughened process on the femur for the attachment of muscles and tendons
30
Tubercle
Rounded process on many bones for the attachment of muscle and tendons. The best example is the humeral tubercle
31
Tuberosity
Small roughened process on many bones for the attachment of muscles and tendons. Examples include the tibial tuberosity and ischiatic tuberosity
32
Axial skeleton
Forms the central axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
33
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, the limb bones and the bones of the hands and feet
34
Scapula
A flat, triangular bone at the top of the shoulder commonly known as the shoulder blade
35
Clavicle
Aka the collarbone; some animals have a reduced clavicle, while other species completely lack one. Only species capable of grasping with their front limbs possess one. Exam,Es include cats and primates
36
Humeral
Bone of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow
37
Radius
One of the two bones I'm the lower front lim between the elbow and the wrist (carpus)
38
Ulna
One of the two bones in the lower front limb between the elbow and wrist (carpus)
39
Olecranon
Bony process on the proximal aspect of the ulna
40
Carpals
Size to eight bones (depending on species) grouped together in two rows to make up the carpus
41
Metacarpals
A group of local Ng bones between the carpals and phalanges
42
Phalanges
Commonly known as the digits. Each phalanx has three phalanges
43
Pelvis
The pelvis is made up of three pairs of bones; the illum, ischium, and pubis
44
Femur
Commonly called the thigh bone. The femur is between the hip and stifle
45
Patella
Large seasmoid bone found in the stifle. Commonly called the kneecap
46
Fabella
Seasmoid bone found in the back of the femoral condyles. Most species have two
47
Tibia
The larger medial but me of the lower hindlimb
48
Fibula
The smaller lateral bone of the lower hindlimb
49
Tarsals
Seven bones that make up the tarsus (hock)
50
Calcaneus
One of the seven tarsal bones that sits in the back of the tarsus. Commonly called the heel bone
51
Metatarsals
Group of the bones between the tarsus and the phalanges
52
Atlanti-axial joint
Joint between the atlas and axis. Commonly known as the "no joint"
53
Atlanto-occipital joint
Joint between the atlas and occipital bone. Commonly known as the "yes joint". It is the only joint in which the bones are not listed anatomical order
54
Carpus
Joint consisting of the carpal bones. Commonly known as the wrist in small animals and the knee in horses
55
Coxofemoral joint
Joint between the pelvis (os coxae) and the femur. Commonly known as the hip
56
Femorotibial joint
Joint between the femur and the Tibia. Commonly known as the stifle. Within the stifle is a cartilage pad, called meniscus, to withstand compressive forces
57
Humeroradioulnar joint
Joint where the humerus meets the radius and ulna. Commonly known as the elbow
58
Sacroiliac joint
Joint between the sacrum and the ilium
59
Scapulohumeral joint
Joint between the scapula and humerus. Common,y known as the shoulder
60
Tarsus
Joint consisting of the tarsal bones. Commonly known as the hock. The malleolus is the rounded process on either side of the tarsus
61
Ball and socket
Joint in which the rounded head of one bone fits into the socket of another. Examples include the hip and shoulder joints. Also known as enarthroses or spheroid joints
62
Gliding
These joint surfaces are flat, allowing for a gliding motion. Examples include the carpus, aka arthodial joints
63
Hinge
This joint allows for movement in one plane (one direction), similar to a door hinge. Examples include the elbow and stifle, aka ginglymus joints
64
Pivot
These are pulley-shaped or pivot-like joints. An example is the atlanto-axial joint. Aka trochoid joint
65
Saddle
This joint can only be found in humans and non-human primates. The surfaces of both bones are concave in one plane and convex, or saddle-shaped, in the other. It allows for all Rs be of motion except an axial twist. The best example is the carpometa carpal joint if the thumbs
66
Cardiac muscle
Striated, involuntary muscle found in the heart
67
Skeletal muscle
Striated, voluntary muscles attached to bones all over the body; responsible for movement
68
Visceral muscle
Smooth, involuntary muscles responsible for the functioning of internal organs. Also known as smooth muscle

VETS1005 (11 decks)

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