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VETS1005 > The Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Another name for bone tissue

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2
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

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3
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone cell that forms bone tissue. Also known as immature bone cell

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4
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone cells that absorbs and removes tissue. Also known as phagocyte of bone

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5
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

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6
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage covering the surface of bones at a joint

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7
Q

Calcium

A

The most abundant mineral in the body. When combined with phosphorus it forms calcium phosphate, which is the principal calcium salt and hard material found in bones and teeth

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8
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy or porous bone found at the ends of long bones and in the inner portions of long bones

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9
Q

Collagen

A

Structural protein making up the white fibrous strands found in bone

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10
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone. Also known as cortical bone

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone. The plural is diaphyses

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12
Q

Endosteum

A

The inner lining of bone. This forms the lining of the medullary cavity

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13
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous region of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place. This is also known as the physis or growth plate

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14
Q

Epiphysis

A

Each end of the long bone. It is composed of cancellous bone and covered with articular cartilage. The plural I’d epiphyses

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15
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central, hollowed-out portion in the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow

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16
Q

Metaphysics

A

The flared portion of a long bone between the epiphyseal plate and diaphysis

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17
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane surrounding bone. This fibrous tissue contains blood vessels and nerves

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18
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Found in cancellous bone and its site of hematopoiesis (blood formation)

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19
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Found in disphysis of bone and consists of fatty tissue

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20
Q

Acetabulum

A

Cup-like depression in the pelvis that creates the hip joint

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21
Q

Bone head

A

Rounded articular process separated from the shaft of the bone by a neck. The bone head is usually covered in articular cartilage. Examples include the femoral head and numeral head

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22
Q

Condyle

A

Knuckle-like projections at the distal end of some long bones. They are usually covered by articular cartilage articulate with other bones. Examples include the femoral and numeral condyles

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23
Q

Crest

A

High projection or border projection of a bone. An example is the crest of the ilium

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24
Q

Foramen

A

A hole in bone that allows for the passage of nerves and vessels. Examples include the obturator foramen and the foramen magnum

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25
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow cavity or depression in bone. An example would be the trochanteric fossa which lies between the greater and lesser trochanter

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26
Q

Groove

A

A narrow linear depression. Also known as a sulcus. An example is the bicipital groove on the humerus

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27
Q

Olecranon

A

Bony process at the proximal end of the ulna

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28
Q

Sinus

A

A hollow space or cavity in bone. An example is the nasal sinuses

29
Q

Trochanter

A

Large, blunt, roughened process on the femur for the attachment of muscles and tendons

30
Q

Tubercle

A

Rounded process on many bones for the attachment of muscle and tendons. The best example is the humeral tubercle

31
Q

Tuberosity

A

Small roughened process on many bones for the attachment of muscles and tendons. Examples include the tibial tuberosity and ischiatic tuberosity

32
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Forms the central axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

33
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, the limb bones and the bones of the hands and feet

34
Q

Scapula

A

A flat, triangular bone at the top of the shoulder commonly known as the shoulder blade

35
Q

Clavicle

A

Aka the collarbone; some animals have a reduced clavicle, while other species completely lack one. Only species capable of grasping with their front limbs possess one. Exam,Es include cats and primates

36
Q

Humeral

A

Bone of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow

37
Q

Radius

A

One of the two bones I’m the lower front lim between the elbow and the wrist (carpus)

38
Q

Ulna

A

One of the two bones in the lower front limb between the elbow and wrist (carpus)

39
Q

Olecranon

A

Bony process on the proximal aspect of the ulna

40
Q

Carpals

A

Size to eight bones (depending on species) grouped together in two rows to make up the carpus

41
Q

Metacarpals

A

A group of local Ng bones between the carpals and phalanges

42
Q

Phalanges

A

Commonly known as the digits. Each phalanx has three phalanges

43
Q

Pelvis

A

The pelvis is made up of three pairs of bones; the illum, ischium, and pubis

44
Q

Femur

A

Commonly called the thigh bone. The femur is between the hip and stifle

45
Q

Patella

A

Large seasmoid bone found in the stifle. Commonly called the kneecap

46
Q

Fabella

A

Seasmoid bone found in the back of the femoral condyles. Most species have two

47
Q

Tibia

A

The larger medial but me of the lower hindlimb

48
Q

Fibula

A

The smaller lateral bone of the lower hindlimb

49
Q

Tarsals

A

Seven bones that make up the tarsus (hock)

50
Q

Calcaneus

A

One of the seven tarsal bones that sits in the back of the tarsus. Commonly called the heel bone

51
Q

Metatarsals

A

Group of the bones between the tarsus and the phalanges

52
Q

Atlanti-axial joint

A

Joint between the atlas and axis. Commonly known as the “no joint”

53
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Joint between the atlas and occipital bone. Commonly known as the “yes joint”. It is the only joint in which the bones are not listed anatomical order

54
Q

Carpus

A

Joint consisting of the carpal bones. Commonly known as the wrist in small animals and the knee in horses

55
Q

Coxofemoral joint

A

Joint between the pelvis (os coxae) and the femur. Commonly known as the hip

56
Q

Femorotibial joint

A

Joint between the femur and the Tibia. Commonly known as the stifle. Within the stifle is a cartilage pad, called meniscus, to withstand compressive forces

57
Q

Humeroradioulnar joint

A

Joint where the humerus meets the radius and ulna. Commonly known as the elbow

58
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Joint between the sacrum and the ilium

59
Q

Scapulohumeral joint

A

Joint between the scapula and humerus. Common,y known as the shoulder

60
Q

Tarsus

A

Joint consisting of the tarsal bones. Commonly known as the hock. The malleolus is the rounded process on either side of the tarsus

61
Q

Ball and socket

A

Joint in which the rounded head of one bone fits into the socket of another. Examples include the hip and shoulder joints. Also known as enarthroses or spheroid joints

62
Q

Gliding

A

These joint surfaces are flat, allowing for a gliding motion. Examples include the carpus, aka arthodial joints

63
Q

Hinge

A

This joint allows for movement in one plane (one direction), similar to a door hinge. Examples include the elbow and stifle, aka ginglymus joints

64
Q

Pivot

A

These are pulley-shaped or pivot-like joints. An example is the atlanto-axial joint. Aka trochoid joint

65
Q

Saddle

A

This joint can only be found in humans and non-human primates. The surfaces of both bones are concave in one plane and convex, or saddle-shaped, in the other. It allows for all Rs be of motion except an axial twist. The best example is the carpometa carpal joint if the thumbs

66
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated, involuntary muscle found in the heart

67
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated, voluntary muscles attached to bones all over the body; responsible for movement

68
Q

Visceral muscle

A

Smooth, involuntary muscles responsible for the functioning of internal organs. Also known as smooth muscle

VETS1005 (11 decks)

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