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VETS1005 > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Alevolus

A

Tooth socket; alveolar bone

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2
Q

Crown (1)

A

Portion of the tooth above the gum line; supragingival portion of the tooth

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3
Q

Root (2)

A

Portion of the tooth below the gum line; subgingival portion of the tooth

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4
Q

Enamel (3)

A

White, hard, outer covering of the tooth that protects the crown; the hardest substance in the book

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5
Q

Dentin (dentine) (4)

A

Hard tissue of teeth between the enamel and pulp cavity

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6
Q

Gingival (gums)

A

Mucous membranes surrounding the truth and lining the mouth

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7
Q

Gingival sulcus

A

Area between the tooth and gums

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8
Q

Pulp cavity

A

Sensitive cavity in the tooth is containing blood supply and nerves

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9
Q

Periodontal ligament (5)

A

Connective tissue that connects the tooth to the alveolar bone

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10
Q

Cementum (6)

A

Bone-like connective tissue that covers the root

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11
Q

Root canal

A

Portion of the pulp cavity extending from the pulp chamber to the apical foramen (opening at the distal aspect of the tooth)

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12
Q

Abscess

A

Localised collection of pus

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13
Q

Bruxism

A

Grinding of teeth; particular in cattle

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14
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Temporary teeth

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15
Q

Dental calculus

A

Also known as dental tartar, mineralised plaque that forms on the teeth

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16
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

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17
Q

Dentition

A

The arrangement of teeth. Also known as arcade

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18
Q

Expulis

A

Benign Timor arising from periodontal mucous membranes

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19
Q

Extraction

A

The act of pulling teeth

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20
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Excessive development of gums due to increased cell numbers

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21
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breathe

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22
Q

Hard palate

A

Rostral portion of the roof of the mouth of the roof of the mouth containing rugae

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23
Q

Malocclusion

A

Abnormal position of teeth that results in faulty meeting of the teeth or jaws

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24
Q

Occlusion

A

Relation of the teeth of both jaws during functional activity

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25
Q

Oronasal

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway between between the mouth and nose

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26
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway that can occur anywhere on the body

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27
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

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28
Q

Palatoschisis

A

Cleft palate

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29
Q

Papillae

A

Small, raised bumps on the tongue containing taste buds

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30
Q

Periodontal

A

Inflammation and degeneration of the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth (bone and gums); also known as periodontitis or pyorrhoea

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31
Q

Plaque

A

Collection of bacteria, salivary products, and white blood cells that adheres to the surface of the tooth

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32
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and lining the stomach to increase surface area for absorption and secretion

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33
Q

Saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

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34
Q

Salivary glands

A

Glands around the mouth that secrete saliva. There are three major pairs of glands called the parotid, mandibular, and sublingual glands

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35
Q

Salivary mucocele

A

Collection of salvia that has leaked out from damaged salivary glands causing masses in the mouth

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36
Q

Soft palate

A

Smooth, caudal portion of the roof of the mouth

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37
Q

Achalasia

A

Inability to relax the smooth muscle of the GI tract; most often associated with the esophagus

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38
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Substance administrated orally after accidentally ingestion of a toxic substance. After inducing vomiting, activated charcoal is administered to coat the lining if the GI tract to prevent further absorption of any remaining toxins

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39
Q

Anal sacculitis

A

Inflammation of the anal sacs. These sacs are prone to abscesses, blackage, and infections

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40
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between two tubes

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41
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

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42
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

A substance given to counteract diarrhea

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43
Q

Antiemetic

A

Substances given to counteract vomiting

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44
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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45
Q

Atresia

A

Closure of s normal body opening

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46
Q

Barium study

A

Barium test; introduction of contrast material used to evaluate the GI tract. A series of radiographs is then taken to isolate GI tract disorders

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47
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of tissue for microscopic examination

48
Q

Body condition

A

A method to assess an animal’s weight based on outward appearance. Animals are given a score below 5 is underweight and a score above 5 is considered overweight

49
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rumbling noises caused by the movement of gas or fluid through the GI tract

50
Q

Cachexia

A

General ill health and malnutrition

51
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant Tumor arising from epithelial tissue

52
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Degenerative disease in which the liver cells are replaced with scar tissue

53
Q

Colic

A

Acute abdominal pain

54
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty passing feces

55
Q

Coprophagia

A

Ingestion of feces

56
Q

Diarrphagia

A

Rapid movement of feces through the GI tract; tract, loose, watery stool

57
Q

Displaced abomasum

A

Condition in which the abomasum becomes trapped under the rumen. Displacement ,say be to the left or right side

58
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of the diverticulum

59
Q

Drench

A

To give medication in liquid form by mouth and forcing the animal to drink

60
Q

Emaciation

A

Marked wasting or excessive leanness

61
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting; forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. The material
Vomited is termed vomitus

62
Q

Emetic

A

Substance given to produce vomiting

63
Q

Enema

A

Introduction of fluid into the rectum to promote defecation

64
Q

Erutation

A

Gas expelled from the stomach out of the mouth; a belch

65
Q

Esophageal Artesia

A

Closure of the opening of the esophagus.

66
Q

Esophageal reflux

A

A backward or return flow of stomach contents into the esophagus; also known as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

67
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the cause of disease

68
Q

Fecal exam

A

Group of tests used to detect parasites I’m feces

69
Q

Foreign body

A

Material which finds its way into organs and tissues

70
Q

Gastric dilation

A

Abnormal condition in which the stomach fills with air and expands. This is a common problem in large breed dogs, particularly the deep-chested breeds

71
Q

Gastric dilation volvulus

A

Abnormal condition in which the stomach fills with air, expands, and then twist on itself. This is common problem in large breed dogs, particularly the deep-chested breeds. Commonly called “bloat”

72
Q

Gavage

A

Forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach

73
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright, red, fresh blood from the rectum

74
Q

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

A

Acute condition in dogs causing vomiting and bloody diarrhea leading to dehydration, heart failure, and eventually death

75
Q

Hepatic lipidosis

A

Accumulation of fat in the liver that leads to liver damage. Disease typically occurs in cats after a period of anorexia

76
Q

Hisatal hernia

A

Protusion of a structure, usually the stomach, through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

77
Q

Idiopathic

A

When the cause of disease is neither known nor understood

78
Q

Ileus

A

Failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines

79
Q

Inappetence

A

Lack of appetite

80
Q

Incontience

A

Inability to control excretory functions (defecation or urination)

81
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestines

82
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowish-orange coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive bilirubin in the blood; synonymous with icterus

83
Q

Lethargy

A

Condition of drowsiness or indifference

84
Q

Malabsorption

A

Impairs absorption of nutrients in the duodenum

85
Q

Maldigestion

A

Inability to digest food due to lack of dished give enzymes. Also known as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

86
Q

Malaise

A

A vague feeling of bodily discomfort

87
Q

Malaise

A

A vague feeling of bodily discomfort

88
Q

Megaesophagus

A

Enlargement of the esophagus

89
Q

Megacolon

A

Enlargement of the colon

90
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry stool; blood in feces

91
Q

Nasogastric intubation

A

Placement of tube from the nose to the stomach

92
Q

Nausea

A

Upset stomach and a tendency to go if

93
Q

Obese

A

Excessive fat accumulation in body

94
Q

Obstipation

A

Inability to eliminate

95
Q

Obstruction

A

Complete stoppage or impairment of passage

96
Q

Orogastric intubation

A

Placement of a tube from the mouth to the stomach

97
Q

Palation

A

Method of examining the internal body by touching and feeling

98
Q

Parenteral

A

Route of administration other than oral

99
Q

Pica

A

Eating or licking abnormal substances; a depraved appetite

100
Q

Pneumocolon

A

Air in the colon; procedure that places air in the colon as a means of diagnosis

101
Q

Portosystemic shunt

A

Condition in which the blood vessels bypass the liver and the blood is not detoxified

102
Q

Regurgitate

A

Passive event in which swallowed food is returned to the oral cavity

103
Q

Rumen fistula

A

Procedure in which a canula is placed on the side of a cow for access to digestive contents in the rumen. This method allows for ingests and the cows digestive tract to be studied

104
Q

Scours

A

Diarrhea in livestock

105
Q

Shunt

A

To bypass or divert

106
Q

Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction

107
Q

Stasis

A

Stopping or controlling

108
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat in feces

109
Q

Stenosis

A

Tightening, narrowing or stricture

110
Q

Stoma

A

An incise opening that is kept open for drainage and other purposes

111
Q

Tenesmus

A

Ineffectual and painful straining at defecation and urination

112
Q

Torsion

A

Axial twist; twisting around the long axis of the gut

113
Q

Trichobezoar

A

Hair ball

114
Q

Ulcer

A

Erosion of the skin and mucous membranes

115
Q

Ultrasound

A

Diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image or an organ or tissue

116
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting on itself

VETS1005 (11 decks)

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