Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
1
Q
Alevolus
A
Tooth socket; alveolar bone
2
Q
Crown (1)
A
Portion of the tooth above the gum line; supragingival portion of the tooth
3
Q
Root (2)
A
Portion of the tooth below the gum line; subgingival portion of the tooth
4
Q
Enamel (3)
A
White, hard, outer covering of the tooth that protects the crown; the hardest substance in the book
5
Q
Dentin (dentine) (4)
A
Hard tissue of teeth between the enamel and pulp cavity
6
Q
Gingival (gums)
A
Mucous membranes surrounding the truth and lining the mouth
7
Q
Gingival sulcus
A
Area between the tooth and gums
8
Q
Pulp cavity
A
Sensitive cavity in the tooth is containing blood supply and nerves
9
Q
Periodontal ligament (5)
A
Connective tissue that connects the tooth to the alveolar bone
10
Q
Cementum (6)
A
Bone-like connective tissue that covers the root
11
Q
Root canal
A
Portion of the pulp cavity extending from the pulp chamber to the apical foramen (opening at the distal aspect of the tooth)
12
Q
Abscess
A
Localised collection of pus
13
Q
Bruxism
A
Grinding of teeth; particular in cattle
14
Q
Deciduous teeth
A
Temporary teeth
15
Q
Dental calculus
A
Also known as dental tartar, mineralised plaque that forms on the teeth
16
Q
Dental caries
A
Tooth decay
17
Q
Dentition
A
The arrangement of teeth. Also known as arcade
18
Q
Expulis
A
Benign Timor arising from periodontal mucous membranes
19
Q
Extraction
A
The act of pulling teeth
20
Q
Gingival hyperplasia
A
Excessive development of gums due to increased cell numbers
21
Q
Halitosis
A
Bad breathe
22
Q
Hard palate
A
Rostral portion of the roof of the mouth of the roof of the mouth containing rugae
23
Q
Malocclusion
A
Abnormal position of teeth that results in faulty meeting of the teeth or jaws
24
Q
Occlusion
A
Relation of the teeth of both jaws during functional activity
25
Oronasal
Abnormal tube-like passageway between between the mouth and nose
26
Fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway that can occur anywhere on the body
27
Palate
Roof of the mouth
28
Palatoschisis
Cleft palate
29
Papillae
Small, raised bumps on the tongue containing taste buds
30
Periodontal
Inflammation and degeneration of the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth (bone and gums); also known as periodontitis or pyorrhoea
31
Plaque
Collection of bacteria, salivary products, and white blood cells that adheres to the surface of the tooth
32
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and lining the stomach to increase surface area for absorption and secretion
33
Saliva
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands
34
Salivary glands
Glands around the mouth that secrete saliva. There are three major pairs of glands called the parotid, mandibular, and sublingual glands
35
Salivary mucocele
Collection of salvia that has leaked out from damaged salivary glands causing masses in the mouth
36
Soft palate
Smooth, caudal portion of the roof of the mouth
37
Achalasia
Inability to relax the smooth muscle of the GI tract; most often associated with the esophagus
38
Activated charcoal
Substance administrated orally after accidentally ingestion of a toxic substance. After inducing vomiting, activated charcoal is administered to coat the lining if the GI tract to prevent further absorption of any remaining toxins
39
Anal sacculitis
Inflammation of the anal sacs. These sacs are prone to abscesses, blackage, and infections
40
Anastomosis
Surgical connection between two tubes
41
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
42
Antidiarrheal
A substance given to counteract diarrhea
43
Antiemetic
Substances given to counteract vomiting
44
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
45
Atresia
Closure of s normal body opening
46
Barium study
Barium test; introduction of contrast material used to evaluate the GI tract. A series of radiographs is then taken to isolate GI tract disorders
47
Biopsy
Removal of tissue for microscopic examination
48
Body condition
A method to assess an animal's weight based on outward appearance. Animals are given a score below 5 is underweight and a score above 5 is considered overweight
49
Borborygmus
Rumbling noises caused by the movement of gas or fluid through the GI tract
50
Cachexia
General ill health and malnutrition
51
Carcinoma
Malignant Tumor arising from epithelial tissue
52
Cirrhosis
Degenerative disease in which the liver cells are replaced with scar tissue
53
Colic
Acute abdominal pain
54
Constipation
Difficulty passing feces
55
Coprophagia
Ingestion of feces
56
Diarrphagia
Rapid movement of feces through the GI tract; tract, loose, watery stool
57
Displaced abomasum
Condition in which the abomasum becomes trapped under the rumen. Displacement ,say be to the left or right side
58
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the diverticulum
59
Drench
To give medication in liquid form by mouth and forcing the animal to drink
60
Emaciation
Marked wasting or excessive leanness
61
Emesis
Vomiting; forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. The material
Vomited is termed vomitus
62
Emetic
Substance given to produce vomiting
63
Enema
Introduction of fluid into the rectum to promote defecation
64
Erutation
Gas expelled from the stomach out of the mouth; a belch
65
Esophageal Artesia
Closure of the opening of the esophagus.
66
Esophageal reflux
A backward or return flow of stomach contents into the esophagus; also known as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
67
Etiology
Study of the cause of disease
68
Fecal exam
Group of tests used to detect parasites I'm feces
69
Foreign body
Material which finds its way into organs and tissues
70
Gastric dilation
Abnormal condition in which the stomach fills with air and expands. This is a common problem in large breed dogs, particularly the deep-chested breeds
71
Gastric dilation volvulus
Abnormal condition in which the stomach fills with air, expands, and then twist on itself. This is common problem in large breed dogs, particularly the deep-chested breeds. Commonly called "bloat"
72
Gavage
Forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach
73
Hematochezia
Bright, red, fresh blood from the rectum
74
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Acute condition in dogs causing vomiting and bloody diarrhea leading to dehydration, heart failure, and eventually death
75
Hepatic lipidosis
Accumulation of fat in the liver that leads to liver damage. Disease typically occurs in cats after a period of anorexia
76
Hisatal hernia
Protusion of a structure, usually the stomach, through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
77
Idiopathic
When the cause of disease is neither known nor understood
78
Ileus
Failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines
79
Inappetence
Lack of appetite
80
Incontience
Inability to control excretory functions (defecation or urination)
81
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
82
Jaundice
Yellowish-orange coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive bilirubin in the blood; synonymous with icterus
83
Lethargy
Condition of drowsiness or indifference
84
Malabsorption
Impairs absorption of nutrients in the duodenum
85
Maldigestion
Inability to digest food due to lack of dished give enzymes. Also known as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
86
Malaise
A vague feeling of bodily discomfort
87
Malaise
A vague feeling of bodily discomfort
88
Megaesophagus
Enlargement of the esophagus
89
Megacolon
Enlargement of the colon
90
Melena
Black tarry stool; blood in feces
91
Nasogastric intubation
Placement of tube from the nose to the stomach
92
Nausea
Upset stomach and a tendency to go if
93
Obese
Excessive fat accumulation in body
94
Obstipation
Inability to eliminate
95
Obstruction
Complete stoppage or impairment of passage
96
Orogastric intubation
Placement of a tube from the mouth to the stomach
97
Palation
Method of examining the internal body by touching and feeling
98
Parenteral
Route of administration other than oral
99
Pica
Eating or licking abnormal substances; a depraved appetite
100
Pneumocolon
Air in the colon; procedure that places air in the colon as a means of diagnosis
101
Portosystemic shunt
Condition in which the blood vessels bypass the liver and the blood is not detoxified
102
Regurgitate
Passive event in which swallowed food is returned to the oral cavity
103
Rumen fistula
Procedure in which a canula is placed on the side of a cow for access to digestive contents in the rumen. This method allows for ingests and the cows digestive tract to be studied
104
Scours
Diarrhea in livestock
105
Shunt
To bypass or divert
106
Spasm
Sudden, involuntary contraction
107
Stasis
Stopping or controlling
108
Steatorrhea
Fat in feces
109
Stenosis
Tightening, narrowing or stricture
110
Stoma
An incise opening that is kept open for drainage and other purposes
111
Tenesmus
Ineffectual and painful straining at defecation and urination
112
Torsion
Axial twist; twisting around the long axis of the gut
113
Trichobezoar
Hair ball
114
Ulcer
Erosion of the skin and mucous membranes
115
Ultrasound
Diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image or an organ or tissue
116
Volvulus
Twisting on itself
