The Muscular System

Question 1

What are joint receptors?

Answer 1

Joint receptors respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joints

Question 2

What is the golgi tendon organ (GTO)?

Answer 2

The GTO sense changes in muscular tension (lives in the tendon)

Measures tension in the tendon, it has one function:

Autogenic inhibition: when it senses too much much tension, it will automatically inhibit the muscle tendon unit that is in and therefore make it weaker. This takes about 6 seconds.

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When you stretch a muscle you will be firing your MS and when you do enough of the stretch with enough tensions you will be firing the gto. You want to hold stretches for some time so you can lengthen the muscle.

Question 3

What are the muscle spindles?

Answer 3

The muscle spindles sense changes in muscle length and muscle rate. (lives inside the miscle belly)

It has two functions:

When it senses a quick lenghtening it will set off two reflexes.

1. Stretch reflex: will automatically fire the muscle that the MS is in and will shorten it.
2. Reciprocal inhibition: inhibit the antagonist.

Question 4

What is a tendon?

Answer 4

A tendon connects muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscle to produce force.

Question 5

What is the fascia?

Answer 5

Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle

Question 6

What are fascicles?

Answer 6

Bundle of individual muscle fibers

Question 7

What is a muscle fiber?

Answer 7

Cellular components and myofibrils encases in a plasma membrane

Question 8

What is the sarcomere?

Answer 8

Produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin.

Question 9

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 9

Thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening the entire sarcomere

Question 10

What are type 1 muscle tissue?

Answer 10

Smaller size; slower to produce tension; fatigue slowly

Question 11

What are type 2 muscle tissue?

Answer 11

Larger size; quick to produce tension; fatigue quickly

Question 12

What is a motor unit?

Answer 12

One motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.

Question 13

What is neural activation?

Answer 13

Contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

Question 14

What are neuro transmitters?

Answer 14

Chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscles

Question 15

How many skeletal muscles are there?

Answer 15

640 skeletal muscles

Question 16

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Answer 16

To provide movement for the body

Question 17

What are the 3 type of muscles?

Answer 17

Cardiac muscles: involuntary

Smooth muscles (organs): involuntary

Skeletal muscles: voluntary

Question 18

what is the Sartorius muscle?

Answer 18

It is the longest muscle in the entire human body. the Sartorius muscle arises from the anterior Superior iliac spine on the lateral edge of the hip bone. from the lateral hip it descends obliquely across the hip joint and thigh, running medially and inferiorly towards the medial edge of the knee.

Question 19

What is epimysium, perimysium and endomysium?

Answer 19

Epimysium: outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds muscle
Perimysium: connective tissue that surrounds fascicles
Endomysium: deepest layer that surround individual muscle fibers.