The Muscular System Flashcards
Learn about different definitions
What are joint receptors?
Joint receptors respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joints
What is the golgi tendon organ (GTO)?
The GTO sense changes in muscular tension (lives in the tendon)
Measures tension in the tendon, it has one function:
Autogenic inhibition: when it senses too much much tension, it will automatically inhibit the muscle tendon unit that is in and therefore make it weaker. This takes about 6 seconds.
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When you stretch a muscle you will be firing your MS and when you do enough of the stretch with enough tensions you will be firing the gto. You want to hold stretches for some time so you can lengthen the muscle.
What are the muscle spindles?
The muscle spindles sense changes in muscle length and muscle rate. (lives inside the miscle belly)
It has two functions:
When it senses a quick lenghtening it will set off two reflexes.
- Stretch reflex: will automatically fire the muscle that the MS is in and will shorten it.
- Reciprocal inhibition: inhibit the antagonist.
What is a tendon?
A tendon connects muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscle to produce force.
What is the fascia?
Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle
What are fascicles?
Bundle of individual muscle fibers
What is a muscle fiber?
Cellular components and myofibrils encases in a plasma membrane
What is the sarcomere?
Produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin.
What is the sliding filament theory?
Thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening the entire sarcomere
What are type 1 muscle tissue?
Smaller size; slower to produce tension; fatigue slowly
What are type 2 muscle tissue?
Larger size; quick to produce tension; fatigue quickly
What is a motor unit?
One motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
What is neural activation?
Contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation
What are neuro transmitters?
Chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscles
How many skeletal muscles are there?
640 skeletal muscles
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
To provide movement for the body
What are the 3 type of muscles?
Cardiac muscles: involuntary
Smooth muscles (organs): involuntary
Skeletal muscles: voluntary
what is the Sartorius muscle?
It is the longest muscle in the entire human body. the Sartorius muscle arises from the anterior Superior iliac spine on the lateral edge of the hip bone. from the lateral hip it descends obliquely across the hip joint and thigh, running medially and inferiorly towards the medial edge of the knee.
What is epimysium, perimysium and endomysium?
Epimysium: outer layer of connective tissue that surrounds muscle
Perimysium: connective tissue that surrounds fascicles
Endomysium: deepest layer that surround individual muscle fibers.
