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PE > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is located across the top of the back?

A

Trapezius

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2
Q

Which muscle is commonly known as the calf?

A

Gastrocnemius

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3
Q

Which muscle is located across the back, at the sides of the body?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

Which three muscles contract to allow a tennis player to hit a tennis ball?

A

Trapezius, deltoids, biceps

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5
Q

How many muscles are there in the body?

A

Over 600

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6
Q

What are the three main types of muscles?

A

Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
Voluntary muscle

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7
Q

Give an example of a cardiac muscle

A

The heart

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8
Q

Give an example of an involuntary muscle

A

Digestive system, circulatory system

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9
Q

Give an example of a voluntary muscle

A

The skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Where is the deltoid and what is it’s function?

A

In the shoulder, to lift the arm straight outwards and upwards (abduction at shoulder joint)

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11
Q

Where are the pectorals and what is their function?

A

In the chest, help to adduct the arm and rotate it inwards as well as lowering the shoulder blades

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12
Q

Where is the bicep and what is it’s function?

A

In the arm, to swing the upper arm forward and to turn the forearm so that the palm of the hand points upwards

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13
Q

Where are the abdominals and what is their function?

A

In the stomach, these bend the body forwards at the hips causing flexion of the vertebral column and help to turn the upper body

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14
Q

Where are the quadriceps and what is their function?

A

In the upper leg, provides stability to the knee joint

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15
Q

Where is the trapezius and what is it’s function?

A

In the upper back, causes extension at the neck

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16
Q

What are the triceps and what is their function?

A

In the arms, to straighten the elbow and to swing the arm backwards

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17
Q

Where is the latissimus dorsi and what is it’s function?

A

The broad back muscle, it causes adduction at the shoulder joint. It will swing the arm backwards and rotate it inwards.

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18
Q

Where are the gluteals and what is their function?

A

In the buttocks, they cause extension at the hip joint and adduct the hip, rotate the thigh outwards and help to straighten the knee

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19
Q

Where are the hamstrings and what is their function?

A

In the upper leg, straighten the hip and cause flexion at the knee joint and bend the knee and rotate it outwards.

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20
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius and what is it’s function?

A

In the lower leg, the calf muscle is used to bend the knee and to straighten or plantarflex the ankle

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21
Q

Describe a sporting example for the deltoid

A

To make a block in volleyball with arms straight above the head

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22
Q

Describe a sporting example for the pectorals

A

A ruddy player making a tackle would hold onto their opponent using the pectorals muscles

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23
Q

Describe a sporting example for the biceps

A

Biceps curls in sight training

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24
Q

Describe a sporting example for the abdominals

A

Performing a sit up exercise

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25
Q

Describe a sporting example for the quadriceps

A

A long jumper when driving off the board will straighten the knee joint at take off using the quadriceps

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26
Q

Describe a sporting example for the trapezius

A

A rugby forward in a scrum will use the trapezius to bind into the opponents

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27
Q

Describe a sporting example for the triceps

A

Backhand in table tennis

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28
Q

Describe a sporting example for the latissimus dorsi

A

A tennis player who swings their arm back to hit the ball when serving is using the latissimus dorsi

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29
Q

Describe a sporting example for the gluteals

A

A sprinter will use the gluteals in the leg action of sprinting down the track

30
Q

Describe a sporting example for the hamstrings

A

A hockey player running across the pitch will be using her hamstrings in the running action to bend the knees

31
Q

Describe a sporting example for the gastrocnemius

A

A swimmer doing front crawl will point their toes in the leg action using the gastrocnemius

32
Q

What muscles are involved in a table tennis forehand shot?

A

Biceps, triceps, deltoids

33
Q

What muscles are involved in a rugby conversion kick?

A

Quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, gastrocnemius

34
Q

What muscles are involved in hurdling in athletics?

A

Quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, gluteals, abdominals, biceps, triceps, deltoids

35
Q

What muscles are involved in a clean and jerk in weightlifting?

A

Biceps, triceps, deltoids, trapezius

36
Q

Name another sporting action and the muscles involved

A

Butterfly in swimming

deltoids, trapezius, biceps, triceps

37
Q

What is the agonist?

A

A muscle which creates movement

38
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

A muscle which co-ordinates movement

39
Q

What is the fixator?

A

A muscle which stabilises one part of the body while another one moves

40
Q

What is a lever system?

A

The coordination of bones and muscles to create movement

41
Q

What acts as the fulcrum?

A

A joint

42
Q

What acts as the lever?

A

A bone

43
Q

What acts as the effort?

A

Muscular force

44
Q

What acts as the load?

A

Weight of a body part or object

45
Q

What is the order of components for a first class lever?

A

Effort - Fulcrum - Load

It can increase both the effects of the effort and speed of the body

46
Q

Give a sporting example of a first class lever

A

Extension of the neck as a footballer prepares to head a football
Extension of the elbow in an over arm throw in cricket

47
Q

How would a first class lever help sporting performance?

A

More effort means the goal keeper has less time to save the ball as effort gives the ball more power.

48
Q

What is the order of components for a second class lever?

A

Fulcrum - Load - Effort

49
Q

Give a sporting example of a second class lever

A

Plantar flexion of the ankle as a basket baller uses the ball of the foot to take off for a jump shot

50
Q

How would a second class lever help sporting performance?

A

The more power coming from your gastrocnemius means the higher you can jump meaning better performance

51
Q

What is the order of components for a third class lever?

A

Fulcrum - Effort - Load

52
Q

Give a sporting example of a third class lever

A

Flexion of the elbow during the upward phase of a biceps curl
Extension of the knee as a footballer executes a pass

53
Q

How would a third class lever help sporting performance?

A

Muscles create more speed and can kick a ball harder

54
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small effort

55
Q

What are the three planes of movement?

A

Sagittal, frontal and transverse

56
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

A plane of movement which vertically splits the body into left and right parts

57
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

A plane of movement which vertically splits the body into front and back parts

58
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

A plane of movement which horizontally splits the body into upper and lower parts

59
Q

Which movements occur at the sagittal plane?

A

Flexion and extension

60
Q

Which movements occur at the frontal plane?

A

Abduction and adduction

61
Q

What movement occurs at the transverse plane?

A

Rotation

62
Q

Give a sporting example which occurs at the sagittal plane

A

Shoulder, hip and knee flexion during the running action

63
Q

Give a sporting example which occurs at the frontal plane

A

Shoulder and hip abduction in the outward phase of a star jump

64
Q

Give a sporting example which occurs at the transverse plane

A

Shoulder rotation as a tennis player puts spin on the ball

65
Q

What is the longitudinal axis?

A

A vertical axis which runs from the top of the bottom of the body

66
Q

Give a sporting example which occurs at the longitudinal axis

A

An ice skater performing a flat spin

67
Q

What is the frontal axis?

A

A horizontal axis running from the front to the back of the body

68
Q

Give a sporting example which occurs at the frontal axis

A

A gymnast performing a cartwheel

69
Q

What is the transverse axis?

A

A horizontal axis running from side to side

70
Q

Give a sporting example which occurs at the transverse axis

A

A high-board diver performing a somersault

PE (8 decks)

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