The Muscular System Flashcards
Which muscle is located across the top of the back?
Trapezius
Which muscle is commonly known as the calf?
Gastrocnemius
Which muscle is located across the back, at the sides of the body?
Latissimus dorsi
Which three muscles contract to allow a tennis player to hit a tennis ball?
Trapezius, deltoids, biceps
How many muscles are there in the body?
Over 600
What are the three main types of muscles?
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
Voluntary muscle
Give an example of a cardiac muscle
The heart
Give an example of an involuntary muscle
Digestive system, circulatory system
Give an example of a voluntary muscle
The skeletal muscle
Where is the deltoid and what is it’s function?
In the shoulder, to lift the arm straight outwards and upwards (abduction at shoulder joint)
Where are the pectorals and what is their function?
In the chest, help to adduct the arm and rotate it inwards as well as lowering the shoulder blades
Where is the bicep and what is it’s function?
In the arm, to swing the upper arm forward and to turn the forearm so that the palm of the hand points upwards
Where are the abdominals and what is their function?
In the stomach, these bend the body forwards at the hips causing flexion of the vertebral column and help to turn the upper body
Where are the quadriceps and what is their function?
In the upper leg, provides stability to the knee joint
Where is the trapezius and what is it’s function?
In the upper back, causes extension at the neck
What are the triceps and what is their function?
In the arms, to straighten the elbow and to swing the arm backwards
Where is the latissimus dorsi and what is it’s function?
The broad back muscle, it causes adduction at the shoulder joint. It will swing the arm backwards and rotate it inwards.
Where are the gluteals and what is their function?
In the buttocks, they cause extension at the hip joint and adduct the hip, rotate the thigh outwards and help to straighten the knee
Where are the hamstrings and what is their function?
In the upper leg, straighten the hip and cause flexion at the knee joint and bend the knee and rotate it outwards.
Where is the gastrocnemius and what is it’s function?
In the lower leg, the calf muscle is used to bend the knee and to straighten or plantarflex the ankle
Describe a sporting example for the deltoid
To make a block in volleyball with arms straight above the head
Describe a sporting example for the pectorals
A ruddy player making a tackle would hold onto their opponent using the pectorals muscles
Describe a sporting example for the biceps
Biceps curls in sight training
Describe a sporting example for the abdominals
Performing a sit up exercise
Describe a sporting example for the quadriceps
A long jumper when driving off the board will straighten the knee joint at take off using the quadriceps
Describe a sporting example for the trapezius
A rugby forward in a scrum will use the trapezius to bind into the opponents
Describe a sporting example for the triceps
Backhand in table tennis
Describe a sporting example for the latissimus dorsi
A tennis player who swings their arm back to hit the ball when serving is using the latissimus dorsi
Describe a sporting example for the gluteals
A sprinter will use the gluteals in the leg action of sprinting down the track
Describe a sporting example for the hamstrings
A hockey player running across the pitch will be using her hamstrings in the running action to bend the knees
Describe a sporting example for the gastrocnemius
A swimmer doing front crawl will point their toes in the leg action using the gastrocnemius
What muscles are involved in a table tennis forehand shot?
Biceps, triceps, deltoids
What muscles are involved in a rugby conversion kick?
Quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, gastrocnemius
What muscles are involved in hurdling in athletics?
Quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, gluteals, abdominals, biceps, triceps, deltoids
What muscles are involved in a clean and jerk in weightlifting?
Biceps, triceps, deltoids, trapezius
Name another sporting action and the muscles involved
Butterfly in swimming
deltoids, trapezius, biceps, triceps
What is the agonist?
A muscle which creates movement
What is the antagonist?
A muscle which co-ordinates movement
What is the fixator?
A muscle which stabilises one part of the body while another one moves
What is a lever system?
The coordination of bones and muscles to create movement
What acts as the fulcrum?
A joint
What acts as the lever?
A bone
What acts as the effort?
Muscular force
What acts as the load?
Weight of a body part or object
What is the order of components for a first class lever?
Effort - Fulcrum - Load
It can increase both the effects of the effort and speed of the body
Give a sporting example of a first class lever
Extension of the neck as a footballer prepares to head a football
Extension of the elbow in an over arm throw in cricket
How would a first class lever help sporting performance?
More effort means the goal keeper has less time to save the ball as effort gives the ball more power.
What is the order of components for a second class lever?
Fulcrum - Load - Effort
Give a sporting example of a second class lever
Plantar flexion of the ankle as a basket baller uses the ball of the foot to take off for a jump shot
How would a second class lever help sporting performance?
The more power coming from your gastrocnemius means the higher you can jump meaning better performance
What is the order of components for a third class lever?
Fulcrum - Effort - Load
Give a sporting example of a third class lever
Flexion of the elbow during the upward phase of a biceps curl
Extension of the knee as a footballer executes a pass
How would a third class lever help sporting performance?
Muscles create more speed and can kick a ball harder
What is mechanical advantage?
The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small effort
What are the three planes of movement?
Sagittal, frontal and transverse
What is the sagittal plane?
A plane of movement which vertically splits the body into left and right parts
What is the frontal plane?
A plane of movement which vertically splits the body into front and back parts
What is the transverse plane?
A plane of movement which horizontally splits the body into upper and lower parts
Which movements occur at the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension
Which movements occur at the frontal plane?
Abduction and adduction
What movement occurs at the transverse plane?
Rotation
Give a sporting example which occurs at the sagittal plane
Shoulder, hip and knee flexion during the running action
Give a sporting example which occurs at the frontal plane
Shoulder and hip abduction in the outward phase of a star jump
Give a sporting example which occurs at the transverse plane
Shoulder rotation as a tennis player puts spin on the ball
What is the longitudinal axis?
A vertical axis which runs from the top of the bottom of the body
Give a sporting example which occurs at the longitudinal axis
An ice skater performing a flat spin
What is the frontal axis?
A horizontal axis running from the front to the back of the body
Give a sporting example which occurs at the frontal axis
A gymnast performing a cartwheel
What is the transverse axis?
A horizontal axis running from side to side
Give a sporting example which occurs at the transverse axis
A high-board diver performing a somersault
