Effects Of Exercise On The Body Systems Flashcards
What is vascular shunt?
The redistribution of blood flow. During exercise blood flow increases to the muscles (80%) due to vasodilation of the arterioles and decreases to the organs (20%) due to vasoconstriction of the arterioles.
What are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?
Increased muscle temperature = increased speed of chemical reactions and energy production, increased flexibility and range of movement at a joint, decreased risk of injury
Increased production of lactic acid = decreased rate of chemical reactions and energy production, increased muscle fatigue
What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?
Increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output = increased blood flow, oxygen and nutrients delivery to the muscles , increased removal of waste, HR can increase to around 200 bpm in maximal exercise, SV can increase to around 200 ml
Redistribution of blood flow to muscles = a movement of blood flow to the muscles (80%) rather than the organs (20%) during exercise - this is known as vascular shunting
What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?
Increased breathing frequency, tidal volume and minute ventilation = increased rate and dept of breathing to increase the volume of air for gas exchange
Increased volume of oxygen to muscles = increased oxygen availability increases energy production and product removal
What is osteoporosis?
A disease where the bones become brittle, fragile and easily broken
What is fast twitch muscle fibre?
Muscle fibre which produces maximum force over a long period of time
What is slow twitch muscle fibre?
Muscle fibre which produces a small amount of force over a long period of time
What is capillarisation?
The formation and development of a network of capillaries
What effect does increased bone density have on the body?
Increased mineral density and calcium absorption to increase bone strength, decrease injury risk and protect against osteoporosis
What effect does hypertrophy of muscles and increased muscular strength have on the body?
Increased fast twitch muscle fibre size leads to increased muscle strength and resistance to fatigue
What effect does increased muscular endurance and resistance to fatigue have on the body?
Increased slow switch fibre size leads to increased energy production and ability to train at a higher intensity for a longer duration
What are the long term responses of exercise on the skeletal and muscular system?
Increased bone density
Hypertrophy of muscles and muscular strength
Increased muscular endurance and resistance to fatigue
