The Muscular System

Question 1

what are the 3 type of muscles

Answer 1

skeletal m
smooth m
cardiac m

Question 2

the function of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 2

Produce movement (articulation)
Control movement of various substances
Respiration
Protection
Homeostasis

Question 3

What is the structure of the muscle

Answer 3

• M. fibre
  – Endomysium
  – Fascicle/fasciculus
  – Perimysium
  – Epimysium

Question 4

how do we name muscles

Answer 4

Direction of muscle fibres
* Relative size
* Location
* Number of origins
* Location of origin/insertion
* Shape
* Action

Question 5

what are the Functional Groups, and give an example of each

Answer 5

• Agonist( briachialis)
• Antagonist( triceps brachii)
• Synergist( biceps brachii)
• Fixator(supraspinatus)

Question 6

what is the origin of the biceps brachii?
where does it insert?

Answer 6

coracoid process of scapula & supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
Insertion of radial tuberosity of radius

Question 7

Platysma? what does it do ?

Answer 7

in Latin: flat plate
its the m on the neck (shaving place)
it tenses skin of neck & Depresses lower lip

Question 8

Name the origin and insertion for latissimus dorsi

Answer 8

Origin (medial): Spinous processes of T7–T12, iliac crest, and ribs 9-12
Insertion (lateral): Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 9

Name the origin and insertion of triceps brachii

Answer 9

Origin (proximal): Posterior humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion (distal): Olecranon process of ulna

Question 10

Which muscle is responsible for abduction of arm (prime mover)? Describe how it does this.

Answer 10

Deltoid

-Its anterior fibers flex the arm, and its posterior fibers extend the arm

Question 11

Which muscle is responsible for flexion and adduction of the arm (prime mover)?

Answer 11

Pectoralis major

Question 12

Which muscle is responsible for extension and adduction of the arm (prime mover)?

Answer 12

Latissimus dorsi

Question 13

What muscle is the synergist to the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 13

Teres major

Question 14

What stabilizes the shoulder joint and rotates the humerus?

Answer 14

rotator cuff m.

Question 15

Name the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 15

A
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Question 16

What protracts and laterally pulls scapulae forward?

Answer 16

Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

Question 17

What elevates the scapulae?

Answer 17

Trapezius and levator scapulae

Question 18

What retracts the scapulae?

Answer 18

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

Question 19

What is responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm?

Answer 19

Biceps brachii

Question 20

What is responsible for flexion of the forearm only?

Answer 20

Brachialis and brachioradialis

Question 21

The radius is _____ to the ulna

Answer 21

lateral

Question 22

What are the origin and insertion for the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 22

Origin: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process

Question 23

What muscle is responsible for squinting and winking?

Answer 23

Orbicularis oculi

Question 24

what is buccinator?

Answer 24

bucc: L; cheek
the major facial muscle underlying the cheek. It holds the cheek to the teeth and assists with chewing.

Question 25

What muscle is responsible for puckering the lips?

Answer 25

Orbicularis oris

Question 26

What muscle is responsible for the elevation of the mandible (chewing)?

Answer 26

Temporalis and masseter

Question 27

what is the insertion of and origin of Masseter m

Answer 27

– Medial surface of zygomatic arch [O] – Ramus of mandible [I] – Elevation, retraction of mandible is the action of the m

Question 28

what is the insertion of and origin of Temporalis?

Answer 28

– Powerful biting mm. – Floor of temporal fossa [O] – Coronoid process [I] – Elevation, retraction of mandible [A]

Question 29

What is the muscle that flexes the waist as in sit-ups and compresses the abdominal viscera? ## Footnote ( hint : six packs location?)

Answer 29

Rectus abdominis

Question 30

location of oblique muscle?

Answer 30

large and sitting on the top surface of the abdomen right below the subcutaneous fat and skin.

Question 31

What is the deepest muscle layer on the lateral abdomen that compresses the abdominal viscera?

Answer 31

Transverse abdominis

Question 32

What two muscles of the trunk are responsible for side-to-side abdominal movements?

Answer 32

External oblique and internal oblique

Question 33

Describe the location of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 33

makes up the backs of the eye sockets

Question 34

what are Muscles of Mastication?

Answer 34

* Temporalis * Masseter

Question 35

what is the Erector Spinae m consist of

Answer 35

* Iliocostalis m. * Longissimus m. * Spinalis m. Actions: – Extend head and back when both are contracted – Laterally flexes head and vertebral column when one is contracted – Rotation of head

Question 36

what is the insertion and origin of Serratus Anterior?

Answer 36

* External surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8th rib [O] * Anterior surface of medial border of scapula [I] * Protracts the scapula and holds/fixes it against the thorax [A]

Question 37

What is the insertion and origin of Trapezius?

Answer 37

*External occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12 [O] * Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula [I] * Elevates (superior fibers), retracts (middle fibers), depresses scapula

Question 38

What is the insertion and origin of Deltoid?

Answer 38

* Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula [O] * Deltoid tuberosity [I] * Abduction of humerus @ shoulder, flexion and medial rotation (ant), extensor and lateral rotation (post) [A]

Question 39

what are the SITS mm

Answer 39

* Supraspinatus m. * Infraspinatus m. * Teres minor m. * Subscapularis m

Question 40

What is the insertion and origin of Subscapularis m

Answer 40

* Subscapular fossa [O] * Lesser tubercle [I] * Medially rotates humerus [A] * Adducts arm [A]

Question 41

What is the insertion and origin of Brachioradialis m

Answer 41

Origin: – Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: – It inserts distally on the radius. Actions: – Weak flexion of forearm – Strong flexor of forearm* when in neutral (mid- pronated) position

Question 42

What is the insertion and origin of Gluteus Medius & Minimus mm?

Answer 42

Fan shaped * Origin: External aspect of ilium * Insertion: Greater trochanter * Actions: * Abduction at thigh * Medial rotation at thigh * Stabilizes pelvis when weightbearing – preventing pelvic tilt

Question 43

What is the insertion and origin of Quadriceps Femoris m?

Answer 43

Origin: * Rectus femoris m.: AIIS * Vastus lateralis m.: linea aspera * Vastus intermedius m.: anterior surface of femur * Vastus medialis m.: linea aspera Insertion: tibial tuberosity Actions: * All extend at knee * Rectus femoris m: flex at thigh

Question 44

What is the insertion and origin of Iliopsoas m?

Answer 44

L. mm. of the loins Origin: Iliac fossa and lumbar spine of T12-L5. Insertion: * Lesser trochanter of femur Actions: * Flex thigh at hip * Stabilize joint

Question 45

anterior of the leg (the front of leg) muscles?

Answer 45

Muscles * Tibialis anterior m. * Extensor hallucis longus m. * Extensor digitorum longus m. * Actions: * Dorsiflexion * Extension of toes

Question 46

Posterior (back) of Leg muscles and its actions

Answer 46

* Gastrocnemius m. * Soleus m. * Plantaris m. Actions * Plantarflexion at ankle * flexion of toes