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A&P > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 type of muscles

A

skeletal m
smooth m
cardiac m

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2
Q

the function of Skeletal Muscles

A

Produce movement (articulation)
Control movement of various substances
Respiration
Protection
Homeostasis

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3
Q

What is the structure of the muscle

A
  • M. fibre
    – Endomysium
    – Fascicle/fasciculus
    – Perimysium
    – Epimysium
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4
Q

how do we name muscles

A

Direction of muscle fibres
* Relative size
* Location
* Number of origins
* Location of origin/insertion
* Shape
* Action

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5
Q

what are the Functional Groups, and give an example of each

A
  • Agonist( briachialis)
  • Antagonist( triceps brachii)
  • Synergist( biceps brachii)
  • Fixator(supraspinatus)
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6
Q

what is the origin of the biceps brachii?
where does it insert?

A

coracoid process of scapula & supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
Insertion of radial tuberosity of radius

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7
Q

Platysma? what does it do ?

A

in Latin: flat plate
its the m on the neck (shaving place)
it tenses skin of neck & Depresses lower lip

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8
Q

Name the origin and insertion for latissimus dorsi

A

Origin (medial): Spinous processes of T7–T12, iliac crest, and ribs 9-12
Insertion (lateral): Intertubercular groove of the humerus

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9
Q

Name the origin and insertion of triceps brachii

A

Origin (proximal): Posterior humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion (distal): Olecranon process of ulna

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10
Q

Which muscle is responsible for abduction of arm (prime mover)? Describe how it does this.

A

Deltoid

-Its anterior fibers flex the arm, and its posterior fibers extend the arm

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11
Q

Which muscle is responsible for flexion and adduction of the arm (prime mover)?

A

Pectoralis major

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12
Q

Which muscle is responsible for extension and adduction of the arm (prime mover)?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

What muscle is the synergist to the latissimus dorsi?

A

Teres major

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14
Q

What stabilizes the shoulder joint and rotates the humerus?

A

rotator cuff m.

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15
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles

A

A
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

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16
Q

What protracts and laterally pulls scapulae forward?

A

Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

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17
Q

What elevates the scapulae?

A

Trapezius and levator scapulae

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18
Q

What retracts the scapulae?

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

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19
Q

What is responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

20
Q

What is responsible for flexion of the forearm only?

A

Brachialis and brachioradialis

21
Q

The radius is _____ to the ulna

A

lateral

22
Q

What are the origin and insertion for the sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process

23
Q

What muscle is responsible for squinting and winking?

A

Orbicularis oculi

24
Q

what is buccinator?

A

bucc: L; cheek
the major facial muscle underlying the cheek. It holds the cheek to the teeth and assists with chewing.

25
Q

What muscle is responsible for puckering the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

26
Q

What muscle is responsible for the elevation of the mandible (chewing)?

A

Temporalis and masseter

27
Q

what is the insertion of and origin of Masseter m

A

– Medial surface of zygomatic arch [O]
– Ramus of mandible [I]
– Elevation, retraction of
mandible is the action of the m

28
Q

what is the insertion of and origin of Temporalis?

A

– Powerful biting mm.
– Floor of temporal fossa [O]
– Coronoid process [I]
– Elevation, retraction of
mandible [A]

29
Q

What is the muscle that flexes the waist as in sit-ups and compresses the abdominal viscera?

( hint : six packs location?)

A

Rectus abdominis

30
Q

location of oblique muscle?

A

large and sitting on the top surface of the abdomen right below the subcutaneous fat and skin.

31
Q

What is the deepest muscle layer on the lateral abdomen that compresses the abdominal viscera?

A

Transverse abdominis

32
Q

What two muscles of the trunk are responsible for side-to-side abdominal movements?

A

External oblique and internal oblique

33
Q

Describe the location of the sphenoid bone?

A

makes up the backs of the eye sockets

34
Q

what are Muscles of Mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
35
Q

what is the Erector Spinae m consist of

A
  • Iliocostalis m.
  • Longissimus m.
  • Spinalis m.
    Actions:
    – Extend head and back
    when both are
    contracted
    – Laterally flexes head
    and vertebral column
    when one is contracted
    – Rotation of head
36
Q

what is the insertion and origin of Serratus Anterior?

A
  • External surfaces of lateral
    parts of 1-8th rib [O]
  • Anterior surface of medial
    border of scapula [I]
  • Protracts the scapula and
    holds/fixes it against the
    thorax [A]
37
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Trapezius?

A

*External occipital
protuberance, spinous
processes of C7-T12 [O]
* Lateral 1/3 of clavicle,
acromion, spine of scapula [I]
* Elevates (superior fibers),
retracts (middle fibers),
depresses scapula

38
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Deltoid?

A
  • Lateral 1/3 clavicle,
    acromion, spine of scapula
    [O]
  • Deltoid tuberosity [I]
  • Abduction of humerus @
    shoulder, flexion and medial
    rotation (ant), extensor and
    lateral rotation (post) [A]
39
Q

what are the SITS mm

A
  • Supraspinatus m.
  • Infraspinatus m.
  • Teres minor m.
  • Subscapularis m
40
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Subscapularis m

A
  • Subscapular fossa [O]
  • Lesser tubercle [I]
  • Medially rotates
    humerus [A]
  • Adducts arm [A]
41
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Brachioradialis m

A

Origin:
– Lateral supracondylar
ridge of humerus
Insertion:
– It inserts distally on the radius.
Actions:
– Weak flexion of forearm
– Strong flexor of forearm*
when in neutral (mid-
pronated) position

42
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Gluteus Medius & Minimus mm?

A

Fan shaped

  • Origin: External aspect of ilium
  • Insertion: Greater trochanter
  • Actions:
  • Abduction at thigh
  • Medial rotation at thigh
  • Stabilizes pelvis when
    weightbearing – preventing
    pelvic tilt
43
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Quadriceps Femoris m?

A

Origin:
* Rectus femoris m.: AIIS
* Vastus lateralis m.: linea
aspera
* Vastus intermedius m.:
anterior surface of femur
* Vastus medialis m.:
linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Actions:
* All extend at knee
* Rectus femoris m: flex at
thigh

44
Q

What is the insertion and origin of Iliopsoas m?

A

L. mm. of the loins
Origin: Iliac fossa and lumbar spine of T12-L5.

Insertion:
* Lesser trochanter of femur
Actions:
* Flex thigh at hip
* Stabilize joint

45
Q

anterior of the leg (the front of leg) muscles?

A

Muscles
* Tibialis anterior m.
* Extensor hallucis longus m.
* Extensor digitorum longus m.
* Actions:
* Dorsiflexion
* Extension of toes

46
Q

Posterior (back) of Leg muscles and its actions

A
  • Gastrocnemius m.
  • Soleus m.
  • Plantaris m.
    Actions
  • Plantarflexion at ankle
  • flexion of toes

A&P (9 decks)

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