The Movement of Substances Flashcards

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1
Q

Define diffusion:

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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2
Q

Define osmosis:

A

The movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

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3
Q

Define active transport:

A

The movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration.

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4
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting the movements of substances?

A

1) Surface area to volume ratio.
2) Distance.
3) Temperature.
4) Concentration gradient.

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5
Q

How does surface area to volume ratio affect the movement of substances?

A

The rate of diffusion, osmosis and active transport is higher in cells with a larger surface area to volume ratio.

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6
Q

How does distance affect the movement of substances?

A

The shorter the distance, the faster things will move in and out of cells.

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7
Q

How does temperature affect the movement of substances?

A

As temperature increases, cells move in and out of cells faster as they gain more energy.

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8
Q

How does concentration gradient affect the movement of substances?

A

The bigger the concentration gradient, the faster substances will move in and out of cells.

This only increases the rate of diffusion and osmosis, not active transport.

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9
Q

What living and non-living things do you use to investigate osmosis?

A

Living: potato cylinders in different sugar solutions.

Non-living: Sugar solution in a thistle funnel with visking tubing fixed over the end in a beaker of pure water.

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10
Q

What non-living things do you use to investigate diffusion?

A

Phenolphthalein: our pH indicator
Agar jelly cubes: have our indictor in them
Sodium hydroxide: Also put into the cubes to make them turn pink (alkali)
Hydrochloric acid: In a beaker with the agar cubes in it too to diffuse into the cubes and turn them colourless.

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11
Q

What is needed to carry out active transport?

A

Carrier proteins.

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