The Mole Flashcards
Avogadro’s constant
6.02 * 10^(23)
Mole
6.02 * 10^(23) particles
N(particles) = n(moles) x Avogadro’s constant
How to calculate the number of particles
Relative atomic mass
the weighted average atomic mass of all the isotopes of an element. (the mass listed on the periodic table)
Relative molecular mass
the sum of all the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule
Formula unit
The smallest ratio between two atoms in an ionic compound based on the ion’s charges
Hydrate
Ionic compounds in which water molecules form coordination bonds. (ex: CuSO4 * 5H20)
Stoichiometric coeffiecient
the number written in front of atoms, ions and molecules in a chemical reaction to balance the number of each element on both the reactant and product sides of the equation.
Molar mass
the mass of 1 mol of a substance. It is numerically equal to the relative molecular mass of the substance.
n(moles) = m (mass)/ M (molar mass)
How to calculate moles from mass
Molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in that molecule.
Empirical formula
the simplest ratio of atoms in the substance.
Mole ratio
The ratio of elements by mol in a molecule, can be found with the empirical formula
Percent composition
the elemental composition of a compound expressed in percent by mass.
Solution
Homogeneous mixtures of two or more components
Solute
the smaller component of a solution
Solvent
the major component of a solution, properties of a solution are similar to the solvent
Solutions in which the solvent is water
Aqueous solution
contains a large ratio of solute to solvent
concentrated solution
contains a small ratio of solute to solvent.
dilute solution
molar concentration (c) or molarity
a measure of amount of solute per unit volume of solution (typically mol dm^-3)
mass concentration (p)
a measure of mass of solute per unit volume of solution (typically g dm^-3)
Stock solutions
chemicals stored in concentrated solutions and diluted to the required concentration when needed
Spectrophotometry
an analytical technique based on the measurement of intensity of ultraviolet and near-infrared radiation. can use to determine concentration of colored substances.
Colorimetry
an analytical technique based on the the measurement of intensity of visible light. can use this to determine concentration of colored substances.
Absorbance
a value describing the amount of light absorbed by the sample
Calibration curve
plotted absorbance and concentrations of a series of standard solution