Particulate Nature of Matter Flashcards
Particles (atoms, molecules or ions), that are in constant motion, have mass and take up space.
Matter
Transformation of matter where mass and energy are conserved
Chemical reaction
The smallest unit of matter. Can be combined to form other substances but cannot be broken down chemically.
Element
A particle of one element. Can be combined in fixed ratios and have different masses than atoms of another element.
Atom
Anything that exists but does not have the properties of matter (ex. the ability to do work)
Energy
Elementary substance
contain atoms of a single element
Chemical compound
contain atoms of two or more elements
Chemical formula
A notation that contains the number of each element in a substance or compound
Pure substance
Has definite and uniform chemical composition
Mixture
A combination of two or more pure substances that retain their individual properties
Homogenous
Has uniform composition and properties throughout
Heterogeneous
Has non-uniform composition and varying properties throughout
Numerical data, like temperature or mass, that is measured
Quantitative
Categorical data, like color, that is observed
Qualitative
Change in the appearance or form of the matter
Physical change
Changes to the kind of matter and at least one new substance with new properties is formed
Chemical change
Separation technique where mixture is poured through a filter
Filtration
Separation technique where mixture is added to water or organic solvent
Dissolution
Separation technique where mixture is dissolved, cooled and crystals form
Crystalization
Separation technique where a mixture is heated until one or more components vaporize
Evaporation or distillation
Separation technique where a mixture is placed on a piece of paper and one end is submerged in water. Components move along the paper
Paper chromatography
Solid
Fixed volume and shape, cannot be compressed, strong attractive forces between particles, particles vibrate in fixed positions
Liquid
fixed volume, no fixed shape, cannot be compressed, weaker attractive forces, particles vibrate, rotate and move
Gas
no fixed volume or shape, can be compressed, weakest attractive forces. particles constantly move quickly
Sublimation
solid to gas
Deposition
gas to solid
Vaporization
liquid to gas
Condensation
gas to liquid
Freezing
liquid to solid
Melting
solid to liquid
Endothermic process
Energy is absorbed
Exothermic process
Energy is released
Absolute zero
The temperature at which particles cannot transfer energy or move, 0 K or -273.15 C
SI unit for temperature
Kelvin (K)
SI unit for length
Meter (m)
SI unit for mass
Kilogram (kg)
SI unit for time
Second (s)
SI unit for amount
Mole (mol)
SI unit for electrical current
Ampere (amp)
SI unit for light
Candela (cd)
Conversion from Celsius to Kelvin
C + 273.15 = K
Chemical Equation
Symbolic representations of chemical reactions in which the reactants and the products are expressed in terms of their respective chemical formula or symbol.
