The Middle Ear

Question 1

Boundaries of the Middle Ear

Answer 1

The TM and the Oval Window

Question 2

The smallest bones in the human body and are suspended by ligaments

Answer 2

The Ossicles- The malleus, Incus and Stapes

Question 3

The footplate of the stapes is held in the ____

Answer 3

Oval Window- it is held by the Annular Ligament

Question 4

Permits the transmission of acoustic energy from the ED to the oval window using the lever principal

Answer 4

Mechanical Energy

Question 5

The middle ear transduces _____ energy from the ED to ______Energy in the ossicular chain.

Answer 5

Acoustic

Mechanical

Question 6

The stapes footplate transduces _____Energy from the ossicular chain to ______ Energy in the inner ear

Answer 6

Mechanical

Hydraulic

Question 7

The ossicular chain acts as a ___

Answer 7

Lever

Question 8

Smallest muscles in the human body

Answer 8

Tensor Tympani and Stapedius

Question 9

Which muscle attaches to the handle of the malleus

Answer 9

Tensor Tympani

Question 10

Which muscle attaches to the neck of the stapes

Answer 10

Stapedius

Question 11

The Two purposes of the Tensor Tympani and Stapedius

Answer 11

1. Keep the bone linkage taut so that it can respond to vibrations
2. Prevent extreme motions of the linkage which might result in damage from very loud sounds resulting in ossicular discontinuity eliminating the level action.

Question 12

The involuntary response or contraction of the stapes

Answer 12

Acoustic Reflex

Question 13

A membrane covered opening in the bone, separating the middle and inner ear- even though it in Middle ear it functions as part of the inner ear

Answer 13

Round Window

Question 14

The presence of fluid in the middle ear whether it is steril, watery or contains mucous

Answer 14

Otitis Media

Question 15

Entered through the Eustachian Tube, it is an infection in the middle ear caused by bacteria from a cold or respiratory infection that that is trapped in ME due to ET being blocked

Answer 15

Suppurative Otitis Media

Question 16

This ME infection is treated by antibiotics or myringotomy where an incision in the ED is made and tube is temporarily placed to help drain the fluid tapped. Tube later falls out and the perforation made by the tube heals over time

Answer 16

Acute Otitis Media

Question 17

This ME Infection when only Antibiotics are used, fluid remains trapped in ME and causes a HL.

Answer 17

Serous Otitis Media or Middle Ear Effusion

Question 18

When Infection occurs repeatedly. Perforation in the pars tensa portion of the ED will not heal and infection starts to erode parts of the ossicular chain and scar tissue also causes HL. This ME infection is more difficult to treat.

Answer 18

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Question 19

Repairs the ossicular chain or replaces diseased bones with prosthesis and grafts of skin over ED. Stops the progression of HL.

Answer 19

Tympanoplasty

Question 20

Removal of diseased mastoid cells should they become infected

Answer 20

Mastoidectomy

Question 21

If a diseased area requires removal of the ossicular chain and mastoid air cells the pt will need

Answer 21

Radical Mastoidectomy

Question 22

Occurs when ET does not open properly after an airplane flight or Skin diving

Answer 22

Aero-otitis Media or Barotrauma

Question 23

A disease which causes a spongy change in the bony capsule surrounding the Inner Ear. Causes Stapes to become fixed and it loses its mobility. Causes a HL of 60-65dB. Usually tinnitus is present and occurs more often in women and Caucasian’s and is also inherited. Pregnancy can sometimes be a trigger

Answer 23

Otosclerosis

Question 24

Theoretically the increase in sound pressure provided but the middle ear structure is about:

Answer 24

27dB

Question 25

The footplate of the stapes fits into the:

Answer 25

Oval Window

Question 26

A type A Tympanogram would indicate:

Answer 26

Normal pressure and compliance

Question 27

The difference in area size between the tympanic membrane and footplate of the stapes increasing the sound pressure at the footplate is:

Answer 27

The transfer function or aerial ratio

Question 28

The middle ear cavity contains

Answer 28

annular ligament, malleus, stapes, and tensor tympani

Question 29

The middle ear is often referred to as:

Answer 29

Fundamental transformer

Question 30

The middle ear cavity as a transducer changes energy from one form to another. The energy change is from:

Answer 30

Acoustic energy, mechanical and hydraulic energy

Question 31

The middle ear muscles reflect resulting in:

Answer 31

An acoustic reflex

Question 32

The Eustachian Tube begins in the lower portion of the tympanic Cavity and ends at the:

Answer 32

Nasopharynx

Question 33

The Eustachian tube of a child is:

Answer 33

Straight, short and horizontal

Question 34

A cholesteatoma:

Answer 34

Occurs in the middle ear May perforate the ED Is usually accompanied by a constant odorous discharge

Question 35

Changes in either stiffness or mass occur when the normal middle ear function is altered by disease or trauma causing:

Answer 35

A feeling of stuffiness or a complaint of hearing in a barrel

Question 36

Otosclerosis

Answer 36

Occurs more often in women than men Occurs more often in caucasians than other races Appears to be inherited

Question 37

Most dysfunctions of the outer or middle ear cause a:

Answer 37

Conductive Loss

Question 38

Otitis Media may occur with

Answer 38

Fluid in the middle ear

Question 39

A plastic or steel strut replaces the stapes during a

Answer 39

Stapedectomy

Question 40

Treatment for chronic Otitis media may include

Answer 40

Antibiotics Inflation of the Eustachian Tube Myringotomy

Question 41

A radical mastiodectomy includes removal of:

Answer 41

Ossicular chain and mastoid

Question 42

The ossicular chain is supported and suspended by

Answer 42

Stapedius, tensor tympani, and ligaments

Question 43

The ear due to its physical characteristics, enhances which frequencies

Answer 43

2,000-5,000Hz