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HIS- Hearing Instrument Specialist > The Inner Ear > Flashcards

The Inner Ear Flashcards

1
Q

A series of tunnels and cavities hollowed out of the Petro us portion of the temporal bone.

A

The Inner Ear

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2
Q

What two fluids reside in the inner ear?

A

Perilymph Fluid and Endolymph Fluid

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3
Q

Which fluid in the inner ear is the outer fluid

A

Perilymph Fluid

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4
Q

Which Fluid in the inner ear is the Inner fluid?

A

Endolymph Fluid

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the three semi circular canals

A

Outer portion contains perilymph fluid which protects the membranous Endolymph fluid. The canals detect rotational movement in any direction for balance and equilibrium. They serve no hearing purpose

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6
Q

The meeting place for the semi- circular canals and the stapes footplate and cochlea

A

Vestibule

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7
Q

The Vestibule contains two membranous sacs from the semi circular canal, what are they?

A

Utricle (top) and Saccule (below

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8
Q

What fluid is where in the utricle and saccule

A

Both contain Endolymph fluid inside and Perilymph fluid surrounds the outside of the utricle and saccule

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9
Q

What are the two outer tubes of the cochlea and what fluid do they contain?

A

Scala vestibuli (top) and Scala Tympani (bottom) both contain Perilymph fluid

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10
Q

What is the smaller triangular tube between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, and what type of fluid does that contain

A

Scala Media and it contains Endolymph fluid

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11
Q

What two tubes in the cochlea meet at the helicotrema?

A

Scala tympani and Scala vestibuli

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12
Q

What rocks in the oval window in response to the sound waves arriving from ED

A

Stapes Footplate

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13
Q

What does the Reissners Membrane Separate

A

The Scala Media and Scala Vestibuli

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14
Q

What does the Basilar’s Membrane separate?

A

Scala Media from the Scala Tympani

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15
Q

What is the Baislar membrane the base of?

A

The Organ of Corti

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16
Q

What 3 membranes run the length of the Scala Media?

A

Reissner’s, Basilar, and Tectoral as well as Organ of corti

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17
Q

The base of the cochlea, nearest the oval window responds to what frequencies

A

High Frequencies

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18
Q

The part of the cochlea farthest away, at the apex responds to what frequencies

A

Low frequencies

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19
Q

States there are certain places in the cochlea , the pathways to the brain and the me-oral lobe itself for specific frequencies

A

Place Theory

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20
Q

States that transmission from neural energy from the inner ear to brain volleys in sequence to accomplish the desired frequency

A

Volley Theory

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21
Q

States that at or below 1k Hz the place Theory is right and above 1k Hz the Volley Theory is right

A

Temporal Theory

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22
Q

What makes up the Auditory Nerve (VIII Nerve)

A

Cochlea Nerves and the Vestibular Nerve

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23
Q

The ganglion unite like a cable forming what?

A

The Cochlear Nerve and transmits electro chemical energy

24
Q

In what 2 ways can the Nerve fibers operate

A

Rest and Fire, there is no in between based on the level of sound. For both loud and soft sounds it gets the same reaction. It cannot be exercised or strengthened as well.

25
Q

Consists of 30k neural fibers with 92% of these fibers connecting to the inner hair cells and 5% to outer Hair cells

A

The VIII Cranial Nerve - Auditory Nerve

26
Q

Afferent Fibers

A

Transmits from cochlea to brain

27
Q

Efferent Fibers

A

Transmit from brain to cochlea

28
Q

Listens with one ear only, when source of sound is on opposite side the sound has to travel over head to be heard

A

Far- Ear Effect or Head Shadow effect

29
Q

The ability to filter out background noise. Can only work if both ears are balanced. Cannot be beneficial if one aided

A

Binaural Squelch Effect

30
Q

A combination of similar but not identical signals at the two ears. If presenting one HF tone and a LF tone simultaneously and you hear one combined tone

A

Binaural Fusion

31
Q

Refers to the phenomenon that a sound heard with two ears is usually louder than the same sound heard with one

A

Binaural Summation

32
Q

What are the 4 types of Presbycusis?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Central
  3. Metabolic
  4. Mechanical
33
Q

Type of Presbycusis that involves the hair cells and PT exhibits an abrupt HF Loss

A

Sensory Presbycusis

34
Q

Type of Presbycusis that creates a mild loss with gradual loss in HF, usually from ganglion cell loss. Poor Discrimination and common in PT with Ateriosclerosis

A

Central Presbycusis

35
Q

Type of Presbycusis with HL usually causing a defect in the chemical composition of Endolymph bc of atrophy (drying up) in Stria Vascularis, Flat HL

A

Metabolic Presbycusis

36
Q

Type of Presbycusis that results from a change in the stiffness or compliance of the Basilar Membrane or fixation of the stapes. Slowly progressing Loss with sharp changes in HF

A

Mechanical Presbycusis

37
Q

An excess of Endolymph fluid, a disorder of the entire inner ear not just the cochlea. Symptoms include, tinnitus, vertigo and HL

A

Menier’s Syndrome

38
Q

In a cross section of the cochlea, the minimum number of rows of hair cells you can see is

A

4

39
Q

The total number of neural fiber or neurons in the human auditory nerve is about:

A

30,000

40
Q

The basilar membrane separates

A

The scala media and the scala tympani

41
Q

The scala tympani is filled with:

A

Perilymph

42
Q

The base of the cochlea

A

Begins at the oval window

43
Q

The fibers of the auditory nerve at the point of maximum stimulation of the basilar membrane, discharge and recover at a rate of approximately:

A

Up to 1Khz identical to the stimulus freq

44
Q

Each of the semi-circular canals:

A

Are oriented at 90 degrees to one another
Contain perilymph and endolymph
Detect positioning and balance

45
Q

Collections of the nerve fibers are called

A

ganglia and nuclei

46
Q

What is the result of tissue and structure damage

A

Threshold shift
Distortion of perception of frequencies
Disturbance of perception of loudness

47
Q

A sensorineural HL is due to a disorder in the

A

Inner ear

48
Q

A symptom of recruitment is

A

Intolerance of loud sounds

49
Q

Malingering is a category of

A

Non organic loss

50
Q

Meniere’s syndrome consists of

A

Tinnitus, vertigo and HL

51
Q

An organic disorder is when there is damage to

A

The hearing mechanism
The neural pathways
The brain

52
Q

Loudness recruitment

A

Refers to abnormal loudness growth of clients with sensorineural hearing

53
Q

Tinnitus is

A

Often managed by HA’s or tinnitus maskers

54
Q

A characteristic of conductive loss is

A

A soft spoken patient

55
Q

What is not a characteristic of a sensorineural loss

A

Hearing better in noise than quiet

HIS- Hearing Instrument Specialist (20 decks)

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