The Middle Ages Flashcards
1
Q
Early Middle Ages
A
- cities became smaller
- all learning regressed initially
- medicine became mostly rural
- monasteries became repositories of learning
2
Q
Late Middle Ages
A
- forerunners of modern universities founded in Europe
- new access to texts of antiquity (Islamic medicine)
- reinforced the traditional (Hippocratic)
3
Q
Christianity (made official religion)
A
- emphasized the soul, not the body
- healing became less important
- Certain diseases were God’s punishment
4
Q
Nosokomia
A
- Latin, “hospitals”
- Church’s charitable mission established hospitals
5
Q
The Articella
A
- “Little Art of Medicine”
- Galen predominated
- revived medical learning
- Included Johannitus’ “Medical Questions,” Hippocratic, and Byzantine works
6
Q
Galenism
A
- belief that Galen had discovered all medicine and healing
- Orabasius, Paul of Aegina
- Mistakes were perpetuated (pores in cardiac septum, three-chambers, arteries pump blood, 5-lobed liver, venisection)
7
Q
Universities
A
- Medicine taught based on Articella and Qanun (mostly Galen)
8
Q
Guilds
A
- Along with colleges, made medicine a distinct profession
- standard curricula
- formalized education
- examination of candidates
- licensing, legal regulation
9
Q
Bubonic plague
A
- killed a quarter of Europe in late Middle Ages
10
Q
Leprosy
A
- No cure back then
- “unclean,” sinfulness, spread by sexual intercourse
- Lepers cast out, “lazarettos”
11
Q
Insanity
A
- Lunacy (lunar phases)
- Humoral imbalance
- “Bedlam” of Bethlehem
12
Q
Women’s health
A
- left up to female healers, relatives
- Female anatomy & physiology was “imperfect”
- Served as vessel for man’s seed (“wandering womb”)
- “Hysteria”
13
Q
Hospitals
A
- Greatest medical innovation in the Middle Ages
- Grew out of Christian monasteries and Islamic example
