The 20th Century

Question 1

Paul Ehrlich and Sahachiro Hata

Answer 1

• Helped find modern chemotherapy
• Theory of “receptors”
• Salvarsan, “specific” for syphilis ***
• Ehrlich shared Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1909

Question 2

Gerhard Domagk

Answer 2

• Azo dyes as antibacterials, 1935
• Prontosil (red dye) cured mice injected with streptococci
• Sulfanilamide (active ingredient), first sulfa drug
• Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1939

Question 3

Alexander Fleming

Answer 3

• Penicillin

- Shared Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1945

Question 4

Howard Florey

Answer 4

• Penicillin (isolated it in 1940)

- Shared Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1945

Question 5

Selman Waksman

Answer 5

• Isolated actinomycin (1940)
• Isolated Streptomyces griseus, source of streptomycin and first TB drug (1944)
• Albert Schatz, lab assistant, was actual discoverer
• Coined “antibiotics”
• Nobel Prize in Medicine 1952

Question 6

Werner Forssman

Answer 6

• Self-catheterized his own heart (1929)

Question 7

Pharmacotherapy

Answer 7

• Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), William Withering
• Amyl nitrate used for angina in 1867 after vasodilating properties of nitrates were discovered
• Diuretics and sulfa antibiotics
• Beta blockers developed by James Black (1962) to block adrenergic effects on the heart

Question 8

Helen Taugssig and Alfred Blalock

Answer 8

• Devised surgery for congenital heart disease (1944)

Question 9

Elliott Cutler

Answer 9

• Mitral stenosis relieved by “closed commissurotomy” (1923)

Question 10

Rene Favaloro

Answer 10

• Performed first CABGS (1967)

Question 11

Andreas Gruentzig

Answer 11

• Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

- Coronary balloon angioplasty

Question 12

Thomas Edison

Answer 12

• “We don’t know 100% about anything”