Origins of Osteopathy

Question 1

Andrew Taylor Still

Answer 1

• Born 1828*****
• Jonesville, VA
• Abram and Martha Still
• Abram was a Methodist circuit-rider, gave medical help

Question 2

Sons of Thunder

Answer 2

• American Methodist preachers preached “hellfire & brimstone”
• John Wesley, founder of Methodist sect

Question 3

Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1853

Answer 3

• Settlers would vote to be free or slave states
• Pro-slavery Missourians flocked in
• Abolitionists lived in KS, founded Lawrence
• Bloodshed

Question 4

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 4

• Pro-slave forces sacked Lawrence, 1856

- Armed skirmishes, death ensued

Question 5

Civil War

Answer 5

• Andrew enlisted in 1861 as a hospital steward
• Claimed he served as a de facto surgeon
• The medical service disgusted him

Question 6

Heroic medicine

Answer 6

• Venisection, purging the bowels

- Benjamin Rush, MD

Question 7

19th Century Medicine Systems

Answer 7

• Eclecticism: evolved from Thomsonian herbalists
• Homeopathy
• Phrenology
• Bonesetting
• Mesmerism: magnetic healers

Question 8

Andrew’s skepticism of 19th Century Medicine Systems

Answer 8

• Three children died of spinal meningitis, 1864
• Gave up medicine
• Embraced spiritualism to talk with his wide and children

Question 9

Thomsonians

Answer 9

• Saml. Thomson
• Campaigned against state licensing
• Used only botanicals
• Later became “eclectics”

Question 10

Homeopathy

Answer 10

• Samuel Hahnemann founded in Europe

- “like cures like,” drug given in small doses

Question 11

Sylvester Graham

Answer 11

• Live by nature’s laws: exercise, fresh air, regular bathing, balanced diet, avoid sexual promiscuity
• TAKE NO MEDICINES
• Grahamite colony nearby Still in Kansas, probably knew about them

Question 12

Hydropathy

Answer 12

• cold water baths

Question 13

Mesmerism

Answer 13

• Franz Mesmer
• Imbalance of magnetic fluid caused disease
• Passing hands/magnets over the body
• Evolved into hypnosis

Question 14

Spiritualism

Answer 14

• Communication with spirits of the departed

- “The Great Harmonia,” by Andrew Jackson Davis, combined healing and the spirit world (The Physician)

Question 15

Phrenology

Answer 15

• Franz Joseph Gall
• Character analysis
• Reading bumps on the head, development of brain
• “only true science of the mind”

Question 16

Bonesetting

Answer 16

• Skills handed down in families
• Manipulated and corrected dislocations, fractures, painful joints
• Sir James Paget believed efficacy
• Still called himself “a lightning bonesetter”

Question 17

Evolution

Answer 17

• Darwin’s “Origin of Species,” 1859
• Herbert Spencer’s “First Principles,” 1862
• Spencer coined the term “evolution”

Question 18

June, 1874

Answer 18

“I flung to the breeze the banner of Osteopathy”

Question 19

Victor Broussais

Answer 19

• Originator of “physiologic medicine”

- advocated drugless therapy

Question 20

Jean Charcot

Answer 20

• Famous for neurological studies

- What happened when nerves were compressed

Question 21

American School of Osteopathy

Answer 21

• Founded 1892
• First course: 4 months long
• “Diplomate of Osteopathy”
• Anatomy, Osteopathy

Question 22

William Smith, MD

Answer 22

• The “first DO”

Question 23

Littlejohn brothers

Answer 23

• J. Martin Littlejohn, PhD
• James Littlejohn, MS, MD
• David Littlejohn, MD
• Brought “regular” science and medicine to ASO and osteopathy

Question 24

Marcus Ward

Answer 24

• Early grad
• Started his own school
• Columbian School of Osteopathy

Question 25

Daniel David Palmer

Answer 25

• magnetic healer
• founded chiropractic
• Iowa, 1898