The Middle Ages Flashcards
What were the names of the castles
Motte and bailey , stone castles
What is a mottle and Bailey ?
It’s is a temporary castles where lords lived before they built their permanent stone castles. A motte was a small hill with a wooden tower or a kelp at the top and below the hill was a large enclosed area where the solider lived surrounded by high wooden fences or a moat/ditch this was called the bailey
What are the parts of a stone castle ?
Curtain walls. , a keep , dungeons , battlements , towers/turrets , bailey , gatehouse , drawbridge , portcullis
Were wee castles often built?
On hills or beside rivers
What were the lords duties ?
The lords duties were to maintain order in his lands , act as a judge and train soldiers
What did the lord do for leisure time ?
Hunting , hawking and held tournaments featuring mock battles and jousting contests
Where were the ladies duties ?
Ladies were married young and they marriages were arranged. Their money was given to the man. Ladies main duty was to have children
What did men wear ?
Long tunics + trousers of fine wool or linen. Clothes that were embroidered or dyed in vivid colours showed off the wearers wreath. The richest nobles/lords wore silk brought for Asia
What were the 3 main stages of becoming a knight ?
Foots soldiers , archers , knights
What is a knight ?
Knights were a minor nobles who fought on horseback and swore an oath of chivalry. They wore full body armour
What were the 2 ways for a man to become a knight ?
-if a foo solider showed exceptional bravery on the battlefield , he could be knighted by a lord
-howler that was very rare and the main ways as a three -stage process followed by the sons of nobles
What were the stage of becoming a knight called ?
Stag 1 - page
Stage 2 - squire
Stage 3 - knight
What was stage 1 of becoming a knight ?
Age 7 , fostered by another family , learns to ride a horse , suing a sword , sing and dance , taught manors , how to help the lady of the castle , how to serve the lord and lady at the table
What was the 2 stage of becoming a knight ?
Age 14 , learns to fight on horseback , accompanies the lord in battle , looks after the lords horse
What was the 3 stage of becoming a knight?
Age 21 , become a knight , spends the night before the ceremony in prayer in the Chapel , dressed in white robe , ceremony called dubbing. He swore and oath o chivalry
Knight now has his own manor to run
What is the oath of chivalry ?
To stay loyal to his lord , protect the poor and weak and be brave in battle
Where were towns built and why ?
They were built on rivers or on the coast so that the people oiled make money form trade
What was a charter ?
It was a contract where the town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but had to pay taxes to the king
What did a town contain ?
Church / cathedral , fair green , Main Street , narrow street , high walls , stone gates
Wat building were made out of stone ?
Church /cathedral and town hall and richer peoples homes
Where did craftsmen have their shops or workshops ?
They had them on the ground floor of their house
What was curfew?
A curfew was when people had to extinguish their fires at sundown
What was a guild ?
The craftsmen of each town formed a guilds , it was an organisation of pope who worked in the same trade
What did the guilds do ?
A guild set standards or the quality of members work and you could be fined for substandard work , they set prices and wages , decided who could trade un the town and cared for the old and sick members and the families of dead members
What was the Black Death ?
It was the worst disease to affect Europe in the Middle Ages (the 14th century ). It was extremely contagious. Once infected , people had a 70-80% chance of dying within a week
What is a stock ?
A wooden metal device with foot-holes used for punishment
What was life like in a medieval town ?
Towns in Norma England and around Europe in the Middle Ages were much smaller than town today
Most had only 1,000 people and the biggest Had only 5,000 people
Many were built on rivers or on the coast so people could make money from trade.sometimes they were built near castles for protection and to cater to the need of the castle.
A town need a charter from the king. This was a contract where the town was granted freedom in their own affairs but had to pay taxes to the king.
A corporation and mayor ran the town. They kept the walls in god repair , tried to deal with dirt and sewage , paid towns guards and enforced the curfew and other laws of the town
What were the parts of a town and one sentence ?
Towns had high walls to protect them against attack
Strong gates were the only way in and out of the town. The gates were opened at dawn and closed at sundown. Anyone who wanted to come into the town to conduct business (especially to sell goods) had to pay a toll ( a tax entry ) at the gates.
The main high street ran from the main gates to the market square in the middle of the town.this was the only street that was wide and paved with stones or wooden planks. The richest people had their houses here.
Narrow streets ran off the Main Street and these contained houses and shops for the towns people.
Larger towns had several churches and even a cathedral , i a bishop was based there
Outside the walls was a fair green for the annual fair. This was a hue market where traders from all over the country sold exotic things like silks and spices , as well as tool and weapons
What was the entertainment like for the lords and ladies?
Musicians (minstrels) and comic performers (jesters) provided entertainment
What were feasts like for the medieval lords and ladies ?
Feasts were held in the great hall , which had big fireplaces and tapestries on the wall
Beef , pork , mutton , duck , deer , pheasant or rabbit were served - either farm animals or what the lord caught while hunting
Without refrigeration, meat could not be kept fresh for long
People slated , smoked or dried meat and fish used herbs and spices to vary and strong the flavour
Spices were very expensive as they had to be transported from Asia
