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ANEW-H-TUDORS-Mary > The Marian Church 1553-58 RELIGIOUS SITUATION > Flashcards

The Marian Church 1553-58 RELIGIOUS SITUATION Flashcards

1
Q

Who did Mary’s popularity spring from?

A

Northumberland’s unpopularity

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2
Q

Why was Mary popular at first in 1553? (2)

A
  • Unpopularity for Northumberland

- general respect for legitimate succession

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3
Q

How long did the Pope’s restoration as Head of the Church last in England?

A

3 years

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4
Q

What created an affront to English nationalism?

A

the return of papal authority and the Spanish marriage

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5
Q

How were the majority of the 280 protestants executed?

A

those from the lower orders

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6
Q

What were the most zealous of the urban radicals not prepared to do?

A

not prepared to go against the mainstream of public opinion

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7
Q

Who were 3 leading Protestant bishops who were arrested and imprisoned?

A

Cramner, Ridley and Hooper

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8
Q

What was the positive of removing leading Protestant figures, Cramner, Hooper and Ridley?

A

this removed the major source of opposition in the House of Lords

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9
Q

What was the first step towards removing all traces of Protestantism?

A

the first Statute of Repeal

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10
Q

What did the first Statute of Repeal do?

A

1553

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11
Q

What did the first Statute of Repeal 1553 do?

A

this swept away all religious legislation approved by Parliament under the reign of Edward VI up until Henry VIII’s Act of 6 Articles

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12
Q

What happened as a result of Mary’s marriage to Philip II of Spain?

A

the Wyatt Rebellion 1554

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13
Q

What did Gardiner try to do which was successfully opposed by Paget?

A

he tried to quicken the pace for the removal of Protestantism through a bill to re-introduce the heresy laws

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14
Q

While Paget successfully opposed to stop Gardiners bill to re-introduce the heresy laws due to fear of disorder; what did Gardiner do instead?

A

he turned his attention to the clergy and stripped 5 bishops of their offices, replacing them with Committed Catholics
(e/g Archbishop of York, and bishop of Gloucester)

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15
Q

In what year and month were bishops instructed to enforce all religious legislation of the last year of Henry VIII’s reign?

A

March 1554

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16
Q

In March 1554 bishops were instructed to enforce all religious legislation of the last year of Henry VIII’s reign, what did these injunctions demand?

A

that married clergy men should give up their wives and families or lose their livings

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17
Q

How many parish priests were deprived of offices due to the March 1554 injunctions?

A

800

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18
Q

Who is an example of a parish priest who fled abroad due to the March 1554 injunctions?

A

Richard Davis, vicar in Buckinghamshire

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19
Q

When did Cardinal Pole return to England?

A

November 1554

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20
Q

What did Cardinal Pole’s return to England mark?

A

the next decisive stage in the restoration of Roman Catholicism

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21
Q

When was the Second Act of Repeal?

A

November 1554

22
Q

what did the Second Act of Repeal do?

A

this ended the royal supremacy and returned England to papal authority by repealing all the religious legislation of the reign of Henry VIII back to the time to the break with Rome

23
Q

Careful provisions was made in the Second Act of Repeal to protect what?

A

property rights for the nobles in possession of monastic land from 1536

24
Q

As Mary was unable to restore all monastic land, what is obvious?

A

that she had to recognise the power of Parliament over matters of religion

25
Q

While Mary could not for go her plans for a full scale restoration of the monasteries, what did she have to be content with?

A

returning the monastic lands worth £60,000 a year held by the Crown

26
Q

What marked the beginning of religious persecution?

A

Parliament approving the restoration of the old heresy laws

27
Q

What year was the first Protestant burned?

A

1555

28
Q

What year was Archbishop Cramner executed?

A

1556

29
Q

When did Gardiner die?

A

November 1555

30
Q

What was a disadvantage of the death of Gardiner in November 1555?

A

this removed a trusted and restraining influence on Mary’s government

31
Q

What did Mary’s reign exceed?

A

the number recorded in any Catholic country on the continent over the same period for executions

32
Q

Where was there widespread revolution?

A

south-east England

33
Q

For many people, what had Catholicism became linked to?

A

to the dislike of Rome and Spain

34
Q

How did local authorities react to instructions to enforce unpopular legislation?

A

they often either ignored or tried to avoid it

35
Q

What was a consequence of the increased number of people fleeing abroad?

A

this reinforced groups of English exiles living in centres of Lutheranism and Calvinism on the continent

36
Q

What year did the Privy Council order the death penalty martial law for anyone found with heretical or seditious literature?

A

1558

37
Q

What did Marian repression succeed in doing?

A

in creating a core of highly committed English Protestants

38
Q

What was Pole’s first priority?

A

to restore stability after 20 years of religious turmoil

39
Q

Why was it a mistake for Pole’s first priority to be to restore stability after 20 years of religious turmoil?

A

as he lacked administrative experience and abilities

40
Q

Why was there insufficient resources available to reorganise the Marian Church effectively?

A

due to the reduction in Church revenues

41
Q

What did the new Pope Paul IV do due to his hate for Cardinal Pole?

A

he stripped pole of his title of Legate

42
Q

As Pole was stripped as Legate what was made difficult for him to do due to the papacy not recognising his authority?

A

he was unable to appoint bishops

43
Q

How many bishop sees were vacant by 1558 due to the fact that Cardinal Pole could not appoint Bishops?

A

seven

44
Q

Due to the quarrels and blatant papal intervention, how did this make things difficult for the government?

A

as they were unable to win the hearts and minds of English men and women

45
Q

In what year did the Westminster Synod approve of the passing of the Twelve Decrees?

A

1555

46
Q

What did the Twelve Decrees do which were passed by the Westminster Synod in 1555?

A

they established seminaries in every diocese for the training of priests

47
Q

Although the Westminster Synod approved of the passing of the Twelve Decrees in 1555 which established seminaries in every diocese to train priests, what was the reality?

A

the shortage of money limited the programme to a single creation in York

48
Q

What did seminaries do?

A

they were religious institutions which trained priests

49
Q

What was a consequence of a parish clergy remaining too uneducated?

A

this meant that they lacked religious zeal

50
Q

What year was Mary’s death?

A

1558

ANEW-H-TUDORS-Mary (10 decks)

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