Relations with foreign powers

Question 1

What year and month was the marriage treaty between Mary and Philip drawn up
&Wyatt’s Rebellion?

Answer 1

January 1554

Question 2

What year and month was Mary’s marriage to Philip?

Answer 2

July 1554

Question 3

What year does England lose Calais?

Answer 3

1558

Question 4

Upon succession what were 2 of Mary’s main aims?

Answer 4

• to restore England to papal supremacy

- to marry Philip, heir to the Spanish throne

Question 5

Why was England dragged into a war against France?

Answer 5

due to the main instigator of conflict, the virulently anti-Spanish Pope, Paul IV

Question 6

What was an issue with the fact that England was drawn into a war against France?

Answer 6

as this effectively put England at war with the papacy

Question 7

What year did England finally declare war on France?

Answer 7

1557

Question 8

Why did England finally declare war on France in 1557?

Answer 8

after French troops landed and raided Scarborough

Question 9

Why were the nobility enthusiastic about a war with France in 1557?

Answer 9

as this gave them the opportunity to gain credit with the Crown after their disfavour from their links to Edward’s regime

Question 10

How did the war with France soon turn into a disaster?

Answer 10

as they had a humiliating loss in 1558, Calais

Question 11

What attack failed in the summer of 1558?

Answer 11

an attempt to attack the port of Brest

Question 12

What reforms did Mary’s reign see?

Answer 12

naval and militia reforms

Question 13

In what sector of the naval and militia reforms was there a complete reorganisation of the administration and finance?

Answer 13

of the navy

Question 14

How many new ships were built in Mary’s reign under naval and militia reforms on top of repairs to other ships?

Answer 14

6

Question 15

How much did Crown finances budget for the navy during peace time, a sum which Elizabeth subsequently reduced?

Answer 15

£14,000

Question 16

What was the long term success of Mary’s naval and militia reforms?

Answer 16

this crucially for Elizabeth, helped to defeat the Spanish Armada

Question 17

Why was it important that Mary reformed the methods for raising troops?

Answer 17

as the country lacked a standing army

Question 18

What did John Guy say about Mary’s militia reforms to the methods for raising troops?

Answer 18

that it was a ‘landmark in English military organisation’

Question 19

How did Mary use parliament to reform the methods for raising troops?

Answer 19

she passed two complementary Acts of Parliament

Question 20

Why in terms of foreign policy should Mary be accounted as a failure?

Answer 20

as both she and the country felt the humiliation of the loss of Calais

Question 21

How did Mary’s marriage fail?

Answer 21

as it did not create an heir, its most basic requirement

Question 22

What was Mary’s biggest failure?

Answer 22

dying after only 5 years on the throne, something she could not control

Question 23

what has historian Elton said about Mary?

Answer 23

that ‘she seized a power rightfully hers for the exercise of which she was utterly unsuited’