Mary's Key Religious Reforms

Question 1

Although the restoration of Catholicism caused trouble in some areas, for the most part local enthusiasm was high; how is this true?

Answer 1

as the localities produced large sums of money raised at great speed to devote to popular conservative relies projects

Question 2

It is evident that the first religious changes of Mary’s reign came not from government action but from where?

Answer 2

from the willing anticipation from a largely enthusiastic populace

Question 3

How many people, drawn mostly from the nobility went into exile at centres of European Protestantism such as Strasbourg?

Answer 3

800

Question 4

Although Protestantism was a minority faith, what was a problem which Mary faced?

Answer 4

this had attracted many adherents to London and other parts of the south

Question 5

What was the Protestant Church of England protected by?

Answer 5

statute law

Question 6

What did many of the political elites have which made them in slight opposition to a catholic restoration?

Answer 6

they had the acquisition of monastic land

Question 7

What did Mary do with 7 Protestant Bishops at the beginning of her reign?

Answer 7

she deprived them of their living and threw some in prison

Question 8

who were ordered to leave the country, although most left voluntarily?

Answer 8

foreign protestants

Question 9

What month and year did the legislative attack on Protestantism begin?

Answer 9

In Mary’s first Parliament in October 1533

Question 10

What laws during Edwards reign were repealed?

Answer 10

religious laws

Question 11

What happened to the legal status of the Church of England?

Answer 11

it was upheld

Question 12

Why did Mary face a dilemma when replying on parliamentary legislation to reverse the royal supremacy?

Answer 12

this would mean acknowledging that the original laws passed during Henry VIII’s reign were legally valid. Mary would have to accept the superiority of statute law over divine law.

Question 13

Under which parliament was the status of the Church finally resolved?

Answer 13

under Mary’s third parliament which lasted from November 1544 to January 1555

Question 14

What delayed the process of resolving the status of the church?

Answer 14

the issue regarding lands from dissolved monasteries which had fallen into private hands

Question 15

Who was the Pope in 1554/1555?

Answer 15

Pope Julius III

Question 16

Who was Pope Julius III’s papal legate?

Answer 16

Reginald Pole

Question 17

What was made clear to Pope Julius III and his papal legate Reginald Pole regarding church land?

Answer 17

that there was no question, church land could not be restored

Question 18

What had the imperial ambassador Renard told Charles V regarding church land?

Answer 18

that ex monastic land was in the hands of more Catholics than Protestants

Question 19

What year did Cardinal Pole arrive in England to take up position as legate and Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 19

November 1554

Question 20

In order for Cardinal Pole to return to England in November 1554, what did Mary’s third Parliament reverse?

Answer 20

the Henrician Act of Attainder that had been passed against Pole

Question 21

Why could there be no final religious settlement in 1554?

Answer 21

due to the issue of former Church lands which needed to be resolved

Question 22

What did Mary threaten out of sympathy for Pole when told by councillors that no foreigner should have jurisdiction over English property?

Answer 22

to abdicate

Question 23

What was the Act of Repeal in January 1555?

Answer 23

this revoked the royal supremacy

Question 24

Why did Cardinal Pole’s reputation never recover in English court?

Answer 24

due to his grudging attitude on the subject of Church property which made him an object of suspicion among landowners

Question 25

What year was the first statute of repeal?

Answer 25

1553

Question 26

What was the first statute of repeal in 1553?

Answer 26

This repealed the religious legislation of Edward VI’s reign

Question 27

What year were the heresy laws restored?

Answer 27

1554

Question 28

What year was the second statute of repeal which repealed anti-papal legislation from Henry VIII’s reign?

Answer 28

1555

Question 29

What did the second act of repeal do in 1555?

Answer 29

this repealed the anti-papal legislation from Henry VIII’s reign

Question 30

What year was the first burnings for heresy?

Answer 30

1555

Question 31

What year was the burning of Archbishop Cramner?

Answer 31

1556

Question 32

What year did Pope Julius III die?

Answer 32

1555

Question 33

Who succeeded Pope Julius III in 1555?

Answer 33

the anti-Spanish Paul IV

Question 34

Who did anti-Spanish Paul IV regard Cardinal Pole as?

Answer 34

a heretic

Question 35

When was Paul IV’s attitude toward Cardinal Pole clear?

Answer 35

in 1557 when he dismissed him as papal legate

Question 36

What year was Cardinal Pole dismissed as Papal legate by Paul IV?

Answer 36

1557

Question 37

What did Cardinal Pole’s dismissal mean for him (2)?

Answer 37

• Blow to prestige

- Meant he could no longer act directly on behalf of the Pope in his supervision of England.

Question 38

Who did Mary refuse to go to Rome to face heresy charges?

Answer 38

Cardinal Pole

Question 39

Who did Paul IV name new papal legate who Mary refused to acknowledge when given a higher position above the Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 39

Peto

Question 40

How did Mary react to the new papal legate, Peto?

Answer 40

she refused to acknowledge that this position in the Church of England was higher than the Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 41

Why was Mary’s reward for restoring England to the true Catholic faith meagre?

Answer 41

due to her difficult legal relationship with the Pope