Mary's Key Religious Reforms Flashcards
Although the restoration of Catholicism caused trouble in some areas, for the most part local enthusiasm was high; how is this true?
as the localities produced large sums of money raised at great speed to devote to popular conservative relies projects
It is evident that the first religious changes of Mary’s reign came not from government action but from where?
from the willing anticipation from a largely enthusiastic populace
How many people, drawn mostly from the nobility went into exile at centres of European Protestantism such as Strasbourg?
800
Although Protestantism was a minority faith, what was a problem which Mary faced?
this had attracted many adherents to London and other parts of the south
What was the Protestant Church of England protected by?
statute law
What did many of the political elites have which made them in slight opposition to a catholic restoration?
they had the acquisition of monastic land
What did Mary do with 7 Protestant Bishops at the beginning of her reign?
she deprived them of their living and threw some in prison
who were ordered to leave the country, although most left voluntarily?
foreign protestants
What month and year did the legislative attack on Protestantism begin?
In Mary’s first Parliament in October 1533
What laws during Edwards reign were repealed?
religious laws
What happened to the legal status of the Church of England?
it was upheld
Why did Mary face a dilemma when replying on parliamentary legislation to reverse the royal supremacy?
this would mean acknowledging that the original laws passed during Henry VIII’s reign were legally valid. Mary would have to accept the superiority of statute law over divine law.
Under which parliament was the status of the Church finally resolved?
under Mary’s third parliament which lasted from November 1544 to January 1555
What delayed the process of resolving the status of the church?
the issue regarding lands from dissolved monasteries which had fallen into private hands
Who was the Pope in 1554/1555?
Pope Julius III
Who was Pope Julius III’s papal legate?
Reginald Pole
What was made clear to Pope Julius III and his papal legate Reginald Pole regarding church land?
that there was no question, church land could not be restored
What had the imperial ambassador Renard told Charles V regarding church land?
that ex monastic land was in the hands of more Catholics than Protestants
What year did Cardinal Pole arrive in England to take up position as legate and Archbishop of Canterbury?
November 1554
In order for Cardinal Pole to return to England in November 1554, what did Mary’s third Parliament reverse?
the Henrician Act of Attainder that had been passed against Pole
Why could there be no final religious settlement in 1554?
due to the issue of former Church lands which needed to be resolved
What did Mary threaten out of sympathy for Pole when told by councillors that no foreigner should have jurisdiction over English property?
to abdicate
What was the Act of Repeal in January 1555?
this revoked the royal supremacy
Why did Cardinal Pole’s reputation never recover in English court?
due to his grudging attitude on the subject of Church property which made him an object of suspicion among landowners
What year was the first statute of repeal?
1553
What was the first statute of repeal in 1553?
This repealed the religious legislation of Edward VI’s reign
What year were the heresy laws restored?
1554
What year was the second statute of repeal which repealed anti-papal legislation from Henry VIII’s reign?
1555
What did the second act of repeal do in 1555?
this repealed the anti-papal legislation from Henry VIII’s reign
What year was the first burnings for heresy?
1555
What year was the burning of Archbishop Cramner?
1556
What year did Pope Julius III die?
1555
Who succeeded Pope Julius III in 1555?
the anti-Spanish Paul IV
Who did anti-Spanish Paul IV regard Cardinal Pole as?
a heretic
When was Paul IV’s attitude toward Cardinal Pole clear?
in 1557 when he dismissed him as papal legate
What year was Cardinal Pole dismissed as Papal legate by Paul IV?
1557
What did Cardinal Pole’s dismissal mean for him (2)?
- Blow to prestige
- Meant he could no longer act directly on behalf of the Pope in his supervision of England.
Who did Mary refuse to go to Rome to face heresy charges?
Cardinal Pole
Who did Paul IV name new papal legate who Mary refused to acknowledge when given a higher position above the Archbishop of Canterbury?
Peto
How did Mary react to the new papal legate, Peto?
she refused to acknowledge that this position in the Church of England was higher than the Archbishop of Canterbury
Why was Mary’s reward for restoring England to the true Catholic faith meagre?
due to her difficult legal relationship with the Pope
