The Mare Flashcards
a mare is a female horse above 4 years old. what is a female horse below 4 yrs old called
filly
what type of ovulators are horses
long day, seasonal polyoestrus breeder
how long is the oestrus cycle in a mare?
21 days
oestrus lasts 4-6 days
within 24 hours of ovulation mare will not be receptive to stallion
what size does the dominant follicle have to be for ovulation to occur
> 35mm
how long is the transitional period and what is it
the period between anoestrus and regular cyclical activity. lasts up to 6 weeks
mares may show signs of oestrus but will fail to concieve if served
ovaries possess multiple follicles 10-25mm that look like bunch of grapes on ultrasound
What does prostaglandin do
induce luteolysis in CL
oestrus will occur 3-5 days post injection
what does progestrone do
surpress oestrus
can be given orally or via PRID
(withdrawl of treatment can lead to rebound ovarian activity)
what does chorionic gonadotropin dio
induce the dominant follicle to ovulate within 24 hrs
what are the light requirments in order to bring oestrus forward
16 hours of light per day for 2-4 weeks.
mares will ovulate 8-10 weeks later
what are all the options for oestrus surpression (7 in total)
long term progestagens intra-uterine devices anti GNRH vaccination repeated oxytocin injections after oestrus plain oil infused into uterus put in foal and terminate at 6 weeks ovariectomy
When is the ideal time to mate
24-48 hours PRIOR to ovulation
What are 4 signs mare is in oestrus when scanning
- dominant follicle on one ovary
- uterine oedema (cartwheel oedema)
- soft oedematous cervix
- behavioural signs
why would you scan mare 12-24 hours after mating
see if mare has ovulated
check for only one ovulation
check for any fluid in uterine lumen incase of endometritis
what are the three mechanisms preventing bacterial entry into womb
- vulval seal
- vestibular seal
- cervical competence
how would you treat poor perineal conformation
caslick procedure
what are possible ovarian problems
persistent CL
anovulatory follicle
granulosa cell tumor
ovarian haematoma
what are the three types of endometrial inflammation
- chronic infectious metritis
- free fluid in lumen
- mating induced endometritis
how is free fluid in lumen a cause of endometritis if its sterile?
arises as result of oedema during oestrus
A good culture medium for bacteria
delayed uterine clearance by incompetent mares
what are your options for investigation of endometritis
scan
uterine swab and smear
endometrial biopsy
how would you treat endometritis
- uterine lavage
- repeated oxytocin doses every few hours
- intrauterine antibiotics
- use of AI in future
what is chronic degenerative endometrial disease
progressive degeneration of endometrium and its replacement by fibrotic tissue.
major cause of age related infertility
pregnancy actually has a protective effect (reduces progression of disease)
no treatment
histopathology of biopsy to diagnose
