disease of the guttural pouch Flashcards
what are the guttural pouches
Air-filled, mucosa lined
outpouchings of the auditory
tubes connecting the
nasopharynx to the middle ear
what is the flap that connects the guttural puch to the nasopharynx called and when does it open
the otium
opens when swallowing
what seperates the guttural pouch into medial and lateral compartments
the stylohyoid bone
what structures are associated with the guttural pouch
internal + external carotid arteries
cranial nerves 9,10,11,12
stylohyoid bones and temporohyoid articulation
What is guttural pouch mycosis
fungal plaque forms over artery (internal carotid usually) (asperigillus spp)
is guttural pouch mycosis serious
YES!
severe epistaxis
how would you diagnose GPM
endoscopy. see blood flowing out of otium.
do not enter guttural pouch with endoscope as may disrupt clot
how would you surgically treat GPM
occlude affected arteries by ligation.
balloon catherisation
systemic or topical antifungal after surgery
what is another cause that may cause blood to flow out of guttural pouch?
rectus capitis or rectus longus muscle rupture
usually occurs after trauma
what are the differentials for dysphagia
obstruction
retropharyngeal masses
neurological: guttural pouch mycosis GP empyaema/inflammation grass sickness botulism, tetanus rabies
Guttural pouch empyema
purulent material in pouches.
chondroids if they solidify
what are the clinical signs of GP empyaema
purulent nasal discharge
lymph node enlargment
dyspnoea, dysphagia
(always rule in/out strangles)
how would you treat GP empyema
endoscopic lavage
if chondroids present:
endoscopic assisted removal
laser assisted techniques
direct surgical approach
what is it called when air is trapped in the guttural pouch
guttural pouch tympany
who is GP tympany most commonly seen in and how would you treat
seen in foals up to 1 years old
treat with cathaterisation
what are the clinical signs of GP tympany
marked retropharyngeal swelling
respiratory stridor
dysphagia
what is a temorohyoid osteoarthropathy
progressive disease of the middle ear/temporohyoid joint
what is the sequalae of temorohyoid osteoarthropathy
fusion of bone
if bone fractures later can cause cranial nerve damage (7,8)
clinical signs of osteoarthropathy
head shaking, ear rubbing
facial nerve signs
secondary ocular disease
vestibular signs (head tilt)
what is the most common GP neoplasia
melanoma in grey horses
How to perform a tracheostomy
clip and wash skin inject 10ml local anaesthetic vertical incision through skin horizontal incision through rings (no more than 1/3 circumfrance) guide tube in and secure in place
