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An S 214L Final Practical > The Mammalian Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

The Mammalian Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

the 3 functions of the female reproductive system are

A
  1. produce ova
  2. produce female hormones
  3. carry young until parturition
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2
Q

the female gonad

A

ovary

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3
Q

STAGES OF OVARIAN STRUCTURES

A
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4
Q

Primordial follicle

A

the ovum is surrounded by squamous follicular cells

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5
Q

primary follicle

A

the ovum is surrounded by one layer of granulosa cells

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6
Q

secondary follicle

A

the ovum is surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells and theca internal cells

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7
Q

antral follicle (late secondary follicle)

A

contains an antrum

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8
Q

antrum

A

a space filled with follicular fluid

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9
Q

ovulation-ready antral follicle

A

contains many layers of granulosa cells and a large antrum

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10
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)

A

the first ovarian structure after ovulation; filled with blood from bursting capillaries during ovulation

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11
Q

Corpus Luteum (CL)

A

produces progesterone and maintains pregnancy

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12
Q

Corpus Albicans (CA)

A

white scar on the ovary

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13
Q

T or F: the CA turns into the CL when implantation does not occur

A

False; the CL turns into the CA

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14
Q

Estrogen is responsible for

A

libido, secondary sex characteristics and maternal behavior

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15
Q

Progesterone is responsible for

A

quieting contractions of the uterus during pregnancy

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16
Q

Prostaglandin F2a is responsible for

A

lysing the CL

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17
Q

estrogen is produced by

A

ovarian follicles

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18
Q

progesterone is produced by

A

the CL

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19
Q

Prostaglandin F2a is produced by

A

the uterus

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20
Q

The oviduct contains what 4 things

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. ampulla
  3. isthmus
  4. ampullary-isthmus junction
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21
Q

infundibulum

A

catches the ovum during ovulation

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22
Q

ampulla

A

functions as a transport of the ovum from the infundibulum to the isthmus

23
Q

ampullary-isthmus junction

A

site of fertilization

24
Q

isthmus

A

carries the zygote to the uterus

25
Q

the isthmus connects the _______ to the _______

A

ampulla, uterus

26
Q

the ampullla is lined with

A

cilia to assist the ovum in moving down the oviduct

27
Q

the uterus consists of

A

uterine horns and the uterine body

28
Q

endometrium

A

functions to secrete histotrophs (uterine milk) that provide nutrition to the embryo

29
Q

myometrium

A

a muscular layer that expels the fetus during parturition

30
Q

perimetrium

A

protects uterus

31
Q

the 3 functions of the cervix are

A
  1. protectiveness
  2. sperm reservior
  3. lubrication
32
Q

How much sperm are lost in the cervical folds

A

approximately 90%

33
Q

the 3 uterine types

A
  1. simplex
  2. duplex
  3. bicornuate
34
Q

T or F: the simplex uterine type does not have uterine horns

A

true

35
Q

what size uterine body does the simplex uterus have?

A

large

36
Q

how many cervices does the simplex uterus have?

A

1

37
Q

what size are the uterine horns of the duplex uterus?

A

large, well-developed

38
Q

T or F: the duplex uterus has a uterine body

A

False

39
Q

how many cervices does the duplex uterus have?

A

2

40
Q

what size are the uterine horns of the bicornuate uterus?

A

large to moderate

41
Q

what size is the uterine body of the bicornuate uterus

A

small to moderate

42
Q

how many cervices does the bicornuate uterus have?

A

1

43
Q

the placenta is responsible for

A

nutrient and gas exhange between the mother and developing fetus

44
Q

the 3 placental membranes are

A
  1. amnion
  2. allantois
  3. chorion
45
Q

amnion

A

innermost avascular membrane around the fetus; filled with amniotic fluid

46
Q

allantois

A

middle membrane filled with fluid

“water breaks” comes from this membrane

47
Q

chorion

A

contains necrotic tips (don’t fuse with the allantois and does not receive nutrients)

48
Q

the 4 placental attachment types are

A
  1. diffuse
  2. cotyledonary
  3. zonary
  4. discoidal
49
Q

Attachment of the diffuse placental type

Ex: Pig and Horse

A

many attachments between the fetus and mother

50
Q

Attachment of the cotyledonary placental type

Ex: Ruminants

A

fetus contains cotyledon. mother contains caruncle

51
Q

Attachment of the zonary placental type

Ex: dogs and cats

A

one band of attachment

52
Q

Attachment of the discoidal placental type

Ex: primates and rodents

A

placenta burrows into the uterine wall

53
Q

Cotyledon + caruncle =

A

placentome

An S 214L Final Practical (15 decks)

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