The Mammalian Female Reproductive System Flashcards
the 3 functions of the female reproductive system are
- produce ova
- produce female hormones
- carry young until parturition
the female gonad
ovary
STAGES OF OVARIAN STRUCTURES
Primordial follicle
the ovum is surrounded by squamous follicular cells
primary follicle
the ovum is surrounded by one layer of granulosa cells
secondary follicle
the ovum is surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells and theca internal cells
antral follicle (late secondary follicle)
contains an antrum
antrum
a space filled with follicular fluid
ovulation-ready antral follicle
contains many layers of granulosa cells and a large antrum
Corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)
the first ovarian structure after ovulation; filled with blood from bursting capillaries during ovulation
Corpus Luteum (CL)
produces progesterone and maintains pregnancy
Corpus Albicans (CA)
white scar on the ovary
T or F: the CA turns into the CL when implantation does not occur
False; the CL turns into the CA
Estrogen is responsible for
libido, secondary sex characteristics and maternal behavior
Progesterone is responsible for
quieting contractions of the uterus during pregnancy
Prostaglandin F2a is responsible for
lysing the CL
estrogen is produced by
ovarian follicles
progesterone is produced by
the CL
Prostaglandin F2a is produced by
the uterus
The oviduct contains what 4 things
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
- ampullary-isthmus junction
infundibulum
catches the ovum during ovulation
ampulla
functions as a transport of the ovum from the infundibulum to the isthmus
ampullary-isthmus junction
site of fertilization
isthmus
carries the zygote to the uterus
the isthmus connects the _______ to the _______
ampulla, uterus
the ampullla is lined with
cilia to assist the ovum in moving down the oviduct
the uterus consists of
uterine horns and the uterine body
endometrium
functions to secrete histotrophs (uterine milk) that provide nutrition to the embryo
myometrium
a muscular layer that expels the fetus during parturition
perimetrium
protects uterus
the 3 functions of the cervix are
- protectiveness
- sperm reservior
- lubrication
How much sperm are lost in the cervical folds
approximately 90%
the 3 uterine types
- simplex
- duplex
- bicornuate
T or F: the simplex uterine type does not have uterine horns
true
what size uterine body does the simplex uterus have?
large
how many cervices does the simplex uterus have?
1
what size are the uterine horns of the duplex uterus?
large, well-developed
T or F: the duplex uterus has a uterine body
False
how many cervices does the duplex uterus have?
2
what size are the uterine horns of the bicornuate uterus?
large to moderate
what size is the uterine body of the bicornuate uterus
small to moderate
how many cervices does the bicornuate uterus have?
1
the placenta is responsible for
nutrient and gas exhange between the mother and developing fetus
the 3 placental membranes are
- amnion
- allantois
- chorion
amnion
innermost avascular membrane around the fetus; filled with amniotic fluid
allantois
middle membrane filled with fluid
“water breaks” comes from this membrane
chorion
contains necrotic tips (don’t fuse with the allantois and does not receive nutrients)
the 4 placental attachment types are
- diffuse
- cotyledonary
- zonary
- discoidal
Attachment of the diffuse placental type
Ex: Pig and Horse
many attachments between the fetus and mother
Attachment of the cotyledonary placental type
Ex: Ruminants
fetus contains cotyledon. mother contains caruncle
Attachment of the zonary placental type
Ex: dogs and cats
one band of attachment
Attachment of the discoidal placental type
Ex: primates and rodents
placenta burrows into the uterine wall
Cotyledon + caruncle =
placentome
