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An S 214L Final Practical > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Exoskeletons are…

A

Hard, outer skeleton that is outside of the body

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2
Q

What animal families do exoskeletons belong to?

A

Arthropods (insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) and mollusks with shells (clams and snails)

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3
Q

Endoskeletons are…

A

Embedded within the muscle

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4
Q

What animal families do endoskeletons belong to?

A

domestic animals

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5
Q

The Axial Skeleton contains what bones and functions in…

A

Contains skull, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum; serves to protect major organs

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6
Q

The Appendicular Skeleton contains what bones and functions in…

A

Contains appendages or limbs (wings, tails, legs, and arms); aids in the motion of the organism.

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7
Q

Heterotropic bones are…

A

Embedded in the organs, and sometimes don’t serve a function

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8
Q

Origin is attached to a __________ part of bone

A

stationary

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9
Q

Insertion is attached to a ________ section of bone

A

mobile

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10
Q

Tendons attach ______ to ______

A

muscle to bone

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11
Q

Ligaments attach _____ to ______

A

bone to bone

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12
Q

epiphysis

A

the 2 ends of long bone

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13
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of long bone

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14
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

growth region of cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

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15
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

line formed in the bone when growth has ended

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16
Q

Endosteum

A

membrane lining of the medullary cavity

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17
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane covering the outer surface of bone composed of connective tissue

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18
Q

Medullary cavity

A

hallow area in the center of the bone where bone marrow is location

19
Q

The bone marrow functions to…

A

produce blood cells

20
Q

Diploe

A

spongey bone

21
Q

Compact bone

A

dense, hard layer of bone

22
Q

YELLOW bone marrow vs RED bone marrow

A

YELLOW: composed of adipocytes and stem cells

RED: gives rise to RBCs, platelets, and some WBCs

23
Q

What are the 5 bone classifications?

A
  1. long bone
  2. flat bone
  3. short bone
  4. irregular bone
  5. pneumatic bone
24
Q

Long bones are _____ and function in _____

A

dumb-bell shaped; aid in movement and carry the weight of the body

ex: femur, fibula, tibia

25
Q

Flat bones are _____ and function in _______

A

thin and curved; providing protection to vital organs

ex: skull, sternum, costae

26
Q

Short bones are ____ and function in ______

A

round or cubicle; reducing friction and concussion

ex: carpels (wrist, ankle)

27
Q

Sesamoid bones are _____ and function in _____

A

bones that form in tendons; aid in movement

28
Q

Irregular bones are…

A

bones of vertebral column

29
Q

Pneumatic bones are _____ and function in _______

A

bones that contain spaces filled with air; allow for flight (in birds due to reduced weight) and help warm and condition air as it is inspired

30
Q

Vertebrae Names:
C=
T=
L=
S=
Cy=

A

C= cervical
T= thoracic
L= lumbar
S= sacral
Cy= coccygeal

31
Q

Joints are…

A

where 2 or more bones meet

32
Q

The three types of joints are…

A

1.) Fibrous/ immoveable
2.) Cartilaginous/ slightly moveable
3.) Synovial/ freely moving

33
Q

Fibrous joints are held together by…

A

fibers

34
Q

Cartilaginous joints are held together by…

A

ligaments and padded with cartilage

35
Q

Synovial joints are the…

A

largest group of joints in the body

36
Q

DEGREES OF JOINTS

A
37
Q

Immoveable

A

non-mobile

38
Q

Hinge

A

extension and flexion

ex: elbow and knee

39
Q

Pivot

A

rotation of one bone around another

40
Q

Ball and socket

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation

ex: shoulder and hip joints

41
Q

Condyloid

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; found in the wrist and foot

42
Q

Gliding

A

allows for smooth gliding motions; found in the wrist and vertebrae

43
Q

Saddle

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; found in the thumb

An S 214L Final Practical (15 decks)

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