Skeletal System Flashcards
Exoskeletons are…
Hard, outer skeleton that is outside of the body
What animal families do exoskeletons belong to?
Arthropods (insects, arachnids, and crustaceans) and mollusks with shells (clams and snails)
Endoskeletons are…
Embedded within the muscle
What animal families do endoskeletons belong to?
domestic animals
The Axial Skeleton contains what bones and functions in…
Contains skull, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum; serves to protect major organs
The Appendicular Skeleton contains what bones and functions in…
Contains appendages or limbs (wings, tails, legs, and arms); aids in the motion of the organism.
Heterotropic bones are…
Embedded in the organs, and sometimes don’t serve a function
Origin is attached to a __________ part of bone
stationary
Insertion is attached to a ________ section of bone
mobile
Tendons attach ______ to ______
muscle to bone
Ligaments attach _____ to ______
bone to bone
epiphysis
the 2 ends of long bone
diaphysis
the shaft of long bone
Epiphyseal plate
growth region of cartilage between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
Epiphyseal line
line formed in the bone when growth has ended
Endosteum
membrane lining of the medullary cavity
Periosteum
membrane covering the outer surface of bone composed of connective tissue
Medullary cavity
hallow area in the center of the bone where bone marrow is location
The bone marrow functions to…
produce blood cells
Diploe
spongey bone
Compact bone
dense, hard layer of bone
YELLOW bone marrow vs RED bone marrow
YELLOW: composed of adipocytes and stem cells
RED: gives rise to RBCs, platelets, and some WBCs
What are the 5 bone classifications?
- long bone
- flat bone
- short bone
- irregular bone
- pneumatic bone
Long bones are _____ and function in _____
dumb-bell shaped; aid in movement and carry the weight of the body
ex: femur, fibula, tibia
Flat bones are _____ and function in _______
thin and curved; providing protection to vital organs
ex: skull, sternum, costae
Short bones are ____ and function in ______
round or cubicle; reducing friction and concussion
ex: carpels (wrist, ankle)
Sesamoid bones are _____ and function in _____
bones that form in tendons; aid in movement
Irregular bones are…
bones of vertebral column
Pneumatic bones are _____ and function in _______
bones that contain spaces filled with air; allow for flight (in birds due to reduced weight) and help warm and condition air as it is inspired
Vertebrae Names:
C=
T=
L=
S=
Cy=
C= cervical
T= thoracic
L= lumbar
S= sacral
Cy= coccygeal
Joints are…
where 2 or more bones meet
The three types of joints are…
1.) Fibrous/ immoveable
2.) Cartilaginous/ slightly moveable
3.) Synovial/ freely moving
Fibrous joints are held together by…
fibers
Cartilaginous joints are held together by…
ligaments and padded with cartilage
Synovial joints are the…
largest group of joints in the body
DEGREES OF JOINTS
Immoveable
non-mobile
Hinge
extension and flexion
ex: elbow and knee
Pivot
rotation of one bone around another
Ball and socket
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation
ex: shoulder and hip joints
Condyloid
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; found in the wrist and foot
Gliding
allows for smooth gliding motions; found in the wrist and vertebrae
Saddle
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; found in the thumb
