Ruminant Digestive System and Sheep Internal Anatomy

Question 1

what are the accessory organs in the digestive system

Answer 1

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 2

what are the 4 parts of the rumination cycle

Answer 2

1. regurgitation
2. reinsalvation
3. remastication
4. redeglution

Question 3

regurgitation

Answer 3

after the feed has been initially chewed and swallowed, the reticulum initiates retrieval so it can return to the mouth

Question 4

reinsalvation

Answer 4

the salivary glands add more mucin and bicarbonate to assist in breaking down the feed more

Question 5

remastication

Answer 5

rechewing the feed

Question 6

redeglutition

Answer 6

re-swallowing the feed

Question 7

what is not produced in the salivary glands in ruminants

Answer 7

salivary amylase

Question 8

saliva contains

Answer 8

mucin, bicarbonate and urea in a water solution

Question 9

what 4 compartments are divided up in the stomach

Answer 9

1. reticulum
2. rumen
3. omasum
4. abomasum

Question 10

what compartment has the honeycomb appearance and is known as the ‘hardware stomach”

Answer 10

reticulum

Question 11

what initiates regurgitation

Answer 11

reticulum

Question 12

what forms numerous, closely packed protrusions called papillae

Answer 12

rumen

Question 13

rumen

Answer 13

site if microbial fermentation of feed and absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFAs)

Question 14

omasum

Answer 14

water absorption

Question 15

what has numerous fold or leaves

Answer 15

omasum

Question 16

what is the ‘true’ or glandular stomach

Answer 16

abomasum

Question 17

abomasum produces

Answer 17

HCl, pepsinogen, and intrinsic factors

Question 18

abomasum

Answer 18

stores, mixes, physical breakdown, and initial digestion of protein

Question 19

abomasum secretes

Answer 19

lysozymes and gastrin

Question 20

what has a lace-like appearance

Answer 20

greater omentum

Question 21

leukocyte production occurs in the

Answer 21

greater omentum

Question 22

esophageal groove or reticular groove

Answer 22

two folds that close when young suckles to cause the milk to bypass the reticulum and rumen so that is it not fermentated

Question 23

the liver has what 4 functions

Answer 23

1. metabolic nutrient processing and secretion of bile in digestion
2. secretes angiotensinogen and IGF-1;
3. makes plasma proteins
4. disposes of hormones, drugs and toxins

Question 24

what is the site for gluconeogenesis

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

gall bladder

Answer 25

stores bile, excretes bile into the duodenum

Question 26

the pancreas produces

Answer 26

bicarbonate, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase and amylase, insulin and glucagon

Question 27

the small intestine does not produce

Answer 27

sucrase

Question 28

duodenum

Answer 28

receives chyme from the abomasum

Question 29

the duodenum produces _____ and receives ______

Answer 29

bicorbonate; bile from the gall bladder and pancreatic secretion from the pancreas

Question 30

jejunum

Answer 30

digestion of protein and carbohydrates; absorption of amino acids, monosaccharides, calcium, fatty acid and iron

Question 31

ileum

Answer 31

absorption of bile salts, water, electrolystes, and vitamin B12

Question 32

cecum

Answer 32

microbial fermentation of residual starch and some cellulose; absorption fermentation products such as VFAs, vitamins, and water

Question 33

cecum

Answer 33

microbial fermentation of residual starch and some cellulose; absorption fermentation products such as VFAs, vitamins, and water

Question 34

T or F: the amount of fermentation that occurs in the cecum and colon varies with the species

Answer 34

true