the lymphatic system - 11.1

Question 1

what is lymph?

Answer 1

it is a watery fluid that flows through your lymphatic system. Found in your lymphatic vessels.

Question 2

lymphatic system:

Answer 2

• does not have a pump
• low pressure
• one way system of vessels
• blinded ended capillaries
• transports lymph
• fluid filtered by lymph nodes.

Question 3

cardiovascular system:

Answer 3

• has a pump
• high pressure
• forms a circuit
• fluid filtered by spleen
• transports blood.

Question 4

how does lymph flow through the lymphatic system?

Answer 4

Compression of the tissues and lymphatic vessels by muscular action or massage increases the movement of lymph from lymphatic capillaries toward the heart.

Question 5

how is lymph returned to the lymphatic system?

Answer 5

lymphatic ducts return lymph to the blood at the junction of the internal jugular veins and subclavian veins on either sides of the body.

Question 6

where are the lymphoid organs located?

Answer 6

the tonsils are located inferior the the nose superior to the chin
the thymus gland is located superior to the heart,

Question 7

what are the functions of the lymphatic organs?

Answer 7

most filter a specific body fluid

Question 8

What do innate and adaptive mean as they apply to the immune system?

Question 9

What do nonspecific and specific mean as they apply to the immune system?

Question 10

How do the skin, mucous membranes and their secretions protect the body from infection?

Question 11

Can you link the cardinal signs of inflammation with the inflammation flow chart?

Question 12

How do the following protect the body from infection: inflammation, fever, phagocytes, natural killer cells, complements and interferons?

Question 13

How do B and T lymphocytes develop from stem cells?

Question 14

How do primary and secondary humoral immune responses differ?

Question 15

What are active and passive, naturally and artificially acquired humoral immunity?

Question 16

How do the following components of the third line of defense protect the body from infection: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, memory cells, plasma cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T lymphocytes, antibodies and cytokines?

Question 17

What are the immune functions of lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages and neutrophils?

Question 18

where are the lymph nodes located and what is their function?

Answer 18

• located in the cervical axially and inguinal regions
• filters and starts immune responses to pathogens in interstitial fluid/lymph

Question 19

what is the mucosa associated lymphatic tissue function?

Answer 19

it traps and starts immune responses to pathogens in the respiratory and digestive tract

Question 20

where is the spleen located and what are its functions?

Answer 20

The spleen is located posterior to the stomach
- it filters and starts immune responses to pathogens in the blood
- it recycles old red blood cells

Question 21

where is the thymus located and what is its function?

Answer 21

the thymus is located deep to the sternum and its function is where T lymphocytes mature

Question 22

where are the tonsils located and what are its function?

Answer 22

• there are five located in the pharynx
• it filters and starts immune responses to pathogens in fluids of the nose and mouth.

Question 23

what is another role of the lymphatic system?

Answer 23

draining tissue fluid

Question 24

your lymphatic system consists of three main parts, what are they?

Answer 24

1. lymph
2. ducts
3. nodes

Question 25

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 25

lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells, they are found in, and mature in, the loose reticular connective tissue that makes up a large part of the nodes and most of your other lymphoid organs.

Question 26

how does your lymphatic system support cardiovascular function?

Answer 26

by collecting, filtering, and returning interstitial fluid back into the blood stream via a system via a system of lymphatic vessels.

Question 27

what is the difference between lymphatic ducts and lymphatic nerves?

Answer 27

• lymphatic duct collects excess fluid from the body’s tissues and returns it to the bloodstream.
• lymphatic notes filter substances that travel through lymphatic fluid, such as damaged cells, bacteria, and other foreign bodies. Lymph nodes contain (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease.

Question 28

innate defences:

Answer 28

protective tissues, cells, processes, and chemicals that you are born with

Question 29

adaptive defences:

Answer 29

protective cells, chemicals and processes that develop in response to contact with pathogens.

Question 30

nonspecific defences:

Answer 30

protective tissues, cells, processes, and chemicals that are the same no matter what pathogen is present.

Question 31

specific defences:

Answer 31

protective cells, processes and chemicals that respond to particular pathogens.

Question 32

first line of defence:

Answer 32

• skin
• mucous membranes
• secretions of skin and mucous membranes

Question 33

second line of defence:

Answer 33

• phagocytic leujocytes
• antimicrobial proteins
• inflammatory response
• fever

Question 34

third line of defence:

Answer 34

• lymphocytes
• antibodies
• memory cells.