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Hap test 3 > Pharmacology B > Flashcards

Pharmacology B Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacodynamics means:

A

the effect that drugs have on the body

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics means:

A

the effect that the body has on drugs, what happens to a drug inside the body from administration of the drug to final elimination and the change in the concentration of s drug as it moves through the body.

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3
Q

absorption

A

how a drug enters the systemic circulation from the point of administration

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4
Q

distribution

A

how a drug is moved around the body from the site of administration to the site of action and then site of excretion

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5
Q

metabolism

A

how the body breaks down and/or alters the structure of a drug

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6
Q

excretion:

A

how the whole drug or part of the drug is removed from the body

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7
Q

In order for the drugs to have their effect

A

drugs must be absorbed - usually into the blood or lymph. Most will then be distributed around the body by the systemic circulation, metabolised and then excreted

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8
Q

In general terms, what are the four processes that make up pharmacokinetics?

A
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9
Q

sequence of movement of a drug through body organs immediately after oral administration:

A
  1. digestive tract
  2. liver
  3. systemic vein
  4. heart (right side
  5. lungs
  6. heart (left side)
    7 systemic artery
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10
Q

What is drug absorption?

A
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11
Q

Which route of drug administration does not require absorption?

A
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12
Q

How do the physical and chemical properties of a drug affect its absorption?

A
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13
Q

How do factors related to a person’s body affect drug absorption?

A
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14
Q

Which route of drug administration does not require absorption?

A
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15
Q

How do the physical and chemical properties of a drug affect its absorption?

A
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16
Q

How do factors related to a person’s body affect drug absorption?

A
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17
Q

what plasma protein do most drugs bind to?

A

albumin. It is alkaline, therefore most acidic or neutral drugs bind to it.

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18
Q

protein-bound drug molecules:

A

attached to plasma proteins
pharmacologically inactive
unable to alter the function of target cells.

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19
Q

unbound drug molecules

A

dissolved in plasma
pharmacologically active
able to alter the function of target cells.

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20
Q

Distribution is

A

the process whereby the drugs are moved around the body (usually in the blood):

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21
Q

An organ’s vascularity refers to

A

the amount of blood flowing through it. Drugs will be more quickly distributed to areas of the body that receive large amounts of blood flow

22
Q

What are protein-bound and unbound drugs?

A
23
Q

What are the main body fluid compartments that drugs are distributed between?

A
  1. blood (plasma)
  2. fat/adipose tissue
  3. extracellular fluid/ interstitial
  4. intracellular fluid
24
Q

What are the processes and factors that affect the distribution of drugs in the body?

A
25
Q

What is bioavailability

A

Bioavailability is the proportion of the administered dose of drug which reaches the systemic circulation

26
Q

How is drug bioavailability affected by a drug’s form, route of administration, absorption and first pass metabolism?

A
27
Q

excretion is?

A

Excretion is the removal of any drug or its metabolites that are no longer used by the body.

28
Q

What are the two main routes through which drugs are eliminated from the body?

A

in urine via the kidneys,
in faeces via bile and the digestive tract.

29
Q

Other ways that drugs and their metabolites are excreted are through the:

A

skin and sweat
lungs in exhaled air
saliva
breast milk
vomiting
tears

30
Q

what does clearance refer too?

A

clearance refers to the amount of drug removed from the blood.

31
Q

Pharmacodynamics can be described as:

A

what the drug does to the body
the pharmacological mode of action of a drug
the study of a drug’s molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions

32
Q

What is a drug’s mode of action?

A
33
Q

Can you distinguish between a drug’s therapeutic indication, therapeutic effect and its mode of action?

A
34
Q

What are the different ways that a drug can alter body function? (Different modes of action)

A
35
Q

What are the four types of non receptor-mediated effects?

A
36
Q

what is pharmacology?

A

pharmacology is the study of the process where substances interact with living systems by binding the regulatory molecules proteins and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.

37
Q

what Is the definition of specificity?

A

a drug must be a specific size, charge and shape to interact with a receptor.

38
Q

What does it mean if a drug’s activity is described as being receptor-mediated?

A
39
Q

Why do some drugs work using the first messenger system, while others use the second messenger system?

A
40
Q

specificity

A

a receptors ability to respond to a drug. How well the drug fits into the receptor.

41
Q

affinity

A

the strength of the temporary chemical bonds formed between a drug and receptor

42
Q

potency

A

how much a drug is needed to cause and effect

43
Q

efficacy

A

the strength of the effect created web a drug binds to a receptor

44
Q

high potency

A

curve starts earlier on the X axis
has an effect at a lower dose

45
Q

high efficacy

A

causes a greater response/effect
curve rises higher on the Y Axis

46
Q

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: potency?

A
47
Q

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: efficacy?

A
48
Q

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: affinity?

A
49
Q

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: specificity?

A
50
Q

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: antagonists?

A
51
Q

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: agonists?

A

Hap test 3 (6 decks)

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