Pharmacology B

Question 1

pharmacodynamics means:

Answer 1

the effect that drugs have on the body

Question 2

pharmacokinetics means:

Answer 2

the effect that the body has on drugs, what happens to a drug inside the body from administration of the drug to final elimination and the change in the concentration of s drug as it moves through the body.

Question 3

absorption

Answer 3

how a drug enters the systemic circulation from the point of administration

Question 4

distribution

Answer 4

how a drug is moved around the body from the site of administration to the site of action and then site of excretion

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

how the body breaks down and/or alters the structure of a drug

Question 6

excretion:

Answer 6

how the whole drug or part of the drug is removed from the body

Question 7

In order for the drugs to have their effect

Answer 7

drugs must be absorbed - usually into the blood or lymph. Most will then be distributed around the body by the systemic circulation, metabolised and then excreted

Question 8

In general terms, what are the four processes that make up pharmacokinetics?

Question 9

sequence of movement of a drug through body organs immediately after oral administration:

Answer 9

1. digestive tract
2. liver
3. systemic vein
4. heart (right side
5. lungs
6. heart (left side)
   7 systemic artery

Question 10

What is drug absorption?

Question 11

Which route of drug administration does not require absorption?

Question 12

How do the physical and chemical properties of a drug affect its absorption?

Question 13

How do factors related to a person’s body affect drug absorption?

Question 14

Which route of drug administration does not require absorption?

Question 15

How do the physical and chemical properties of a drug affect its absorption?

Question 16

How do factors related to a person’s body affect drug absorption?

Question 17

what plasma protein do most drugs bind to?

Answer 17

albumin. It is alkaline, therefore most acidic or neutral drugs bind to it.

Question 18

protein-bound drug molecules:

Answer 18

attached to plasma proteins
pharmacologically inactive
unable to alter the function of target cells.

Question 19

unbound drug molecules

Answer 19

dissolved in plasma
pharmacologically active
able to alter the function of target cells.

Question 20

Distribution is

Answer 20

the process whereby the drugs are moved around the body (usually in the blood):

Question 21

An organ’s vascularity refers to

Answer 21

the amount of blood flowing through it. Drugs will be more quickly distributed to areas of the body that receive large amounts of blood flow

Question 22

What are protein-bound and unbound drugs?

Question 23

What are the main body fluid compartments that drugs are distributed between?

Answer 23

1. blood (plasma)
2. fat/adipose tissue
3. extracellular fluid/ interstitial
4. intracellular fluid

Question 24

What are the processes and factors that affect the distribution of drugs in the body?

Question 25

What is bioavailability

Answer 25

Bioavailability is the proportion of the administered dose of drug which reaches the systemic circulation

Question 26

How is drug bioavailability affected by a drug's form, route of administration, absorption and first pass metabolism?

Question 27

excretion is?

Answer 27

Excretion is the removal of any drug or its metabolites that are no longer used by the body.

Question 28

What are the two main routes through which drugs are eliminated from the body?

Answer 28

in urine via the kidneys,  in faeces via bile and the digestive tract. 

Question 29

Other ways that drugs and their metabolites are excreted are through the:

Answer 29

skin and sweat lungs in exhaled air saliva breast milk vomiting tears

Question 30

what does clearance refer too?

Answer 30

clearance refers to the amount of drug removed from the blood.

Question 31

Pharmacodynamics can be described as:

Answer 31

what the drug does to the body the pharmacological mode of action of a drug the study of a drug's molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions

Question 32

What is a drug's mode of action?

Question 33

Can you distinguish between a drug's therapeutic indication, therapeutic effect and its mode of action?

Question 34

What are the different ways that a drug can alter body function? (Different modes of action)

Question 35

What are the four types of non receptor-mediated effects?

Question 36

what is pharmacology?

Answer 36

pharmacology is the study of the process where substances interact with living systems by binding the regulatory molecules proteins and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.

Question 37

what Is the definition of specificity?

Answer 37

a drug must be a specific size, charge and shape to interact with a receptor.

Question 38

What does it mean if a drug's activity is described as being receptor-mediated?

Question 39

Why do some drugs work using the first messenger system, while others use the second messenger system?

Question 40

specificity

Answer 40

a receptors ability to respond to a drug. How well the drug fits into the receptor.

Question 41

affinity

Answer 41

the strength of the temporary chemical bonds formed between a drug and receptor

Question 42

potency

Answer 42

how much a drug is needed to cause and effect

Question 43

efficacy

Answer 43

the strength of the effect created web a drug binds to a receptor

Question 44

high potency

Answer 44

curve starts earlier on the X axis has an effect at a lower dose

Question 45

high efficacy

Answer 45

causes a greater response/effect curve rises higher on the Y Axis

Question 46

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: potency?

Question 47

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: efficacy?

Question 48

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: affinity?

Question 49

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: specificity?

Question 50

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: antagonists?

Question 51

What does this term mean as they apply to drug-receptor interactions: agonists?