The Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards
Name the fibre muscle layers which make up the lower urinary passages
Inner to outer->
- Tunica mucosa- transitional epithelium/urothelium
- Lamina propria/ submucosa
- Tunica muscularis (SM)
- Tunica adventitia/ tunica serosa
What is transitional epithelium
Type of epithelium that’s has the ability to stretch
Describe the process of urine entering the bladder and what occurs when it is full
-what stops urine back flow when bladder gets full?
-urine enters bladder by the ureter; milked through and is stored. Once the bladder is pretty full, the volume of urine starts to push dorsally against the surface where it came from.
The ureter being at an upwards angle prevents back flow of urine
What is the trigone area of the bladder
Area sensitive to expansion of bladder and area which sends signals in relation to controlling expansion
a triangular shaped region at the base of the bladder which has an anti reflux mechanism
Name the 3 supporting ligaments of the urinary bladder
-2 lateral ligaments
-1 medial ligament
What are the 2 lateral ligaments attached to?
Umbilical arteries
Name the 2 arteries which supply the urinary bladder in the female
Umbilical and vaginal arteries
Which artery does the umbilical artery give rise to?
Which artery does the vaginal artery give rise to?
-cranial vesical artery
-caudal vesical artery
Name the artery which supplies blood in the male urinary bladder
Umbilical artery & prostatic artery
What 2 branches of artery does the prostatic artery give rise to
caudal vesical artery and urethral branch
Name the key nerves that innervate the bladder and control micturition
Pelvic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Hypogastric nerve
Which innervations do the hypogastric, pelvic and pudendal nerves provide?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Somatic (conscious control)
Describe what occurs as the bladder fills
The bladder neck is drawn out – this effectively closes off the entrance to the urethra and forms internal & external sphincter
The smooth muscle layer changes to _________ muscle in the urethra which is called what?
Skeletal
Urethalis muscle
What is The collective name for the smooth muscle layers in the bladder wall
Detrusor muscle
Name the role of the sympathetic hypogastric nerve
Allows expansion and contraction of bladder;
Detrusor muscle relaxation & urethral smooth muscle contraction-> urine retention
Name the role of the parasympathetic pelvic muscle
Detrusor muscle contraction
—> bladder emptying
Name the role of the somatic pudendal nerve
Striated urethral muscle contraction -> urine retention
Involved in voluntary control of micturition
What type of epithelium does the urothelial mucosal lining later change to? (in female)
stratified columnar then stratified squamous epithelium
The lamina propria contains a…
(In female)
Venous plexus
True or false, the ‘urethral muscle’ is under voluntary control (pudendal nerve)
(In female)
True
Penile urethra in the male surrounded by what
rich venous plexus= corpus spongiosum.
In male urethra, outside the layer of blood vessels there is a dense CT layer called…
Tunica albuginea
