Anatomy Of The Urinary System

Question 1

Swelling of the kidney parenchyma could lead to…

Answer 1

Necrosis

Question 2

What structures enter and leave the kidney at the hilus?

Answer 2

Renal artery, vein and ureter

Question 3

Urine moves passively through the ureters to the bladder- true or false?

Answer 3

False- urine is actively milked by peristalsis along the ureters

Question 4

The renal arteries arise directly from the abdominal aorta- true or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The renal veins drain directly into the caudal vena cava- true or false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Feline kidney is quite distinctive because of…

Answer 6

sub-capsular veins which run towards the hilus

Question 7

From which branches of the renal artery do the Arcuate blood vessels at the corticomedullary junction arise? (In the feline)

Answer 7

Interlobar arteries

Question 8

The renal crest is where the urine drips from the papillary ducts to enter the renal pelvis. Do all species have a renal crest?

Answer 8

No this is a feature of the dog/sheep kidney where the papillary ducts converge. The situation in the horse kidney is complex but suffice to say the term renal crest is described.

Question 9

Once the urine enters the renal pelvis and exits the kidneys it will remain unchanged until it is voided- true or false?

Answer 9

True- no further modification of the urine takes place after it leaves the kidney

Question 10

Difference between a canine and sheep kidney

Answer 10

Sheep is larger in size

Question 11

Positions and features of sheep kidney

Answer 11

right kidney is slightly more cranial than the left. The left kidney tends to be more pendulous, and the forestomach may push the left kidney to the right as far as the median plane or beyond, particularly when the rumen is full.

Question 12

Why do you think the medulla is paler than the cortex in a sheep kidney?

Answer 12

Blood entering kidney is directed to cortex – where it forms a fine perfuse network –remember this is where blood is filtered - there are fewer blood vessels in the medulla in comparison.

Question 13

How many renal lobes commonly found in bovine kidney

Answer 13

12-18

Question 14

What shape is equine kidney?

Answer 14

Left- pyramidal shaped
Right- heart shaped

Question 15

Equine kidneys weigh about ___g each and are both _____________ flattened
-unilobar or multilobar?

Answer 15

700
-unilobar

Question 16

What do cells of equine renal pelvis secrete? This gives urine what appearance?

Answer 16

Mucin
Stringy cloudy appearance

Question 17

Which 2 terminal recesses does the equine renal pelvis contain?

Answer 17

1. cranial terminal recess
2. caudal terminal recess

Question 18

The kidneys are _____________ flattened. The renal pelvis opens into quite a large space of two _______ _________ from which bud about 10 ________ ________. These attach to one _______ _______ each. The kidneys have a _______ cortical surface.

Answer 18

1. Dorsoventrally
2. Major calyces
3. Minor calyces
4. Renal papilla
5. Smooth

Question 19

True or false, internally the medullary pyramids are still evident in the porcine kidney.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

2 ways in which the ureters structurally adapted to perform their function.

Answer 20

Transitional epithelium; Smooth muscle enables the flow of urine to be directed towards the bladder

Question 21

Is it safe to cut through the medial ligament in urinary system during surgery?

Answer 21

Oui

Question 22

What kind of epithelium lines the renal pelvis? Do all species have a renal pelvis?

Answer 22

Transitional epithelium or urothelium. Unilobar kidneys have a renal pelvis, in the pig the renal pelvis equivalent equates to where the calyces collectively fuse to continue as the ureter.

Question 23

What type of tissue fills the renal sinus?

Answer 23

Fat, adipose tissue

Question 24

The lateral ligaments of the bladder exist.
Question: What important structure(s) are found running in the cranial margin of these ligaments?

Answer 24

Umbilical arteries