Kidney Anatomy Flashcards
Kidney (renal) function
Urine production
• Regulation volume and composition of ECF
• Excretion/Elimination of endogenous waste/metabolites, toxins,drugs
• Regulate concentrations of ions in ECF
• Acid/Base Balance-Maintenance of body pH
Other functions
• Renin- regulation systemic BP
• Erythropoietin
• Calcitriol
• Glucose
Canine kidney
-shape
-weight
-bean shaped
-50-60g
Name the external features of kidney.
On ani*
Functions of fibrous capsule (outer covering of kidney)
Strips easily if healthy
Restricts expansion, limits how much it can swell to stop damage- necrosis
Which kidney pair belongs to which animal
On anki*
The basic macroscopic unit of kidney called (what we can see with naked eye)
Renal lobe
Name structures found in renal lobe
Cortex
Base
Medullary pyramid
Apex
Papilla
Calyx,
diagram on anki
After renal lobes formed, what occurs?
Follows a degree of fusion to varying degrees.
The multi lobar kidney is what and whee is it found
individual renal lobes persist in the kidney of large ruminants
Name structures found in the multi lobar kidney
On anki
Unilobar kidney common in what animals
Sheep
Feline
Canine
Horse
Describe what is seen in a unilobar kidney
On anki*
-Individual renal lobes are completely fused
The true Renal pelvis and renal crest is only found in what type of kidney?
Unilobar kidney
What is the renal sinus?
What is the renal crest
Space filled with fat
Point at which urine leaves kidney and taken away via renal pelvis though ureter
What is the intermediate form of the kidney?
cortex has fused but individual medullary pyramids retained, fusion of medulla is incomplete
diagram on anki
Describe the pattern of blood flow through the kidney
-3 main structures enter/leave the kidney at hilus:
-blood flow is directed towards the… and travels from… (name each artery type blood flows through)
-Renal artery, renal vein and ureter
-cortex: 1. Renal a. -> 2. Interlobar aa. -> 3. Arcuate aa. (CM junction) -> interlobular aa.
Renal micro circulation 1;
Describe the movement of blood in renal portal system at the cortical nephron
What is this process referred to as?
Blood flows through Afferent arteriolar branching off of interlobular artery (interlobular artery has many many afferent arterioles branching off) and passes into a capillary loop called glomerulus. Filtration of components of blood occurs here. Filtered, oxygenated blood leaves capillary loop and passes through efferent arteriole which forms second capillary loop surrounding rest of nephron and different secretory, gas exchange processes occur here. Blood now returns to venous system
-Arteriole shunt or arteriole portal system (2 capillary beds between arteriole system and venous system)
Renal micro circulation 2;
Describe the movement of blood in renal portal system in the juxtaglomerular nephron
Name the 2 types of nephrons where micro cirulations occur
Cortical nephron
Juxtaglomerular nephron
Venous return of blood in kidney
- Interlobular veins
- Arcuate veins
- Interlobar veins
- Renal vein
Exception to venous drainage found in what animal
-what is the exception?
In cats, venous return from the renal cortex is aided via 3-5 superficial capsular veins which drain directly into renal veins at the hilus. Characteristic feature of the kidney of the feline kidney
From which species have these kidney specimens been derived?
On anki
Which of the following is NOT produced by the mammaliankidney
A. Calcitriol
B. Erythropoietin
C. Glucose
D. Uric acid
E. Renin
Uric acid
What term best describes the type of microcirculation associated with the kidney cortex?
Arteriolar portal system
Define these;
- Arteriovenous shunt
- Arterial portal system
- Peritubular capillary network
- Venous portal system
- Sinusoid
Describe the arterial blood flow order through the kidney
renal artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
The cortical nephron is associated with the _________ network
The juxtamedullary nephron is associated with the ____________ network
- Peritubular
- Vesa recta
Name the nerves found in kidney
Which ones provide parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation?
Sympathetic trunk (Sympathetic)
Major splanchnic n. (Sympathetic)
Lumbar sympathetic ganglion (L2) (Sympathetic)
Minor splanchnic n. (Sympathetic)
Vagus n. (Parasympathetic)
Parasympathetic innervation in the kidney comes from what nerve?
Vagus nerve
