The Lower Limb And Ankle Flashcards
What are the muscle names based on absolute size?
Brevis, longus and vastus
What are the muscle names based on relative size
Maximus medius minimus major and minor.
What are the muscle names based on location?
Anterior posterior internal and external
What are the muscle names based on action?
Extensor, flexor, pronator and supinator
What are the muscle names based on location in the body?
Carpi cervicis digitorum and femoris
What are the muscle names based on fiber orientation?
Oblique rectus transversus
What are the names for the different numbers of muscle heads?
Biceps triceps quadriceps
What are the muscle names based on muscle shape?
Deltoid trapezius serratus
Where are the condyles on the femur
At the distal end
Where is the linea aspera on the femur
On the posterior side
What surfaces are located on the back of the patella
The articular facets
What tendons or ligaments does the patella attach to?
Superiorly is the quadriceps tendon and inferiorly is the patellar ligament
Where are the condyles on the tibia?
They are at the proximal tibia
Where is the Soleil line on the tibia?
It travels mediolaterally on the posterior tibia closer to the proximal end
What malleolus does the tibia have
Medial
What malleolus does the fibula have?
Lateral
What’s the number of Bones of each type in the foot
Seven tarsal bones. Five metatarsal bones. 14 phalange bones
Describe the tibial femoral joint
It is a bicondylar joint that allows flexion extension, medial and lateral rotation.
What is the patellofemoral joint?
It is a plane joint and its ligament is the patellar ligament
List the ligaments of the tibiofemoral joint
Patellar ligament, lateral collateral (fibular) ligament, medial (tibial) collateral ligament, anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament
What does the LCL ligament connect?
The lateral distal femur to the proximal fibula
What does the MCL ligament attached
The medial femur to the tibia
Describe the ACL
It stops the tibia from citing anteriorly ahead of the femur and it travels from anterior tibia to posterior femur and attaches to the lateral femur.
Describe the PCL
It stops the tibia from sliding posteriorly behind the femur. It travels from posterior tibia to anterior femur and attaches to the medial femur.
Describe the proximal tibiofibular joint
It is a plain joint between the proximal tibia and proximal fibula
Describe the distal tibiofibular joint
It is a solid joint that attaches the distal fibula and tibia. The ligaments involved are the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments.
What is the talocrural joint?
It is a hinge joint that allows plantar, flexion and dorsiflexion
What is the subtalar joint?
The second of two ankle joints it is a plane joint and it allows inversion and eversion
What are the ligaments for the ankle joints
The posterior and anterior talofibular and the posterior and anterior tibiotalar
What are the arteries and veins in the lower limb?
The tibial and fibular arteries and veins. There is an anterior and posterior tibial artery and vein but just one fibular artery and one fibular vein
What nerves innervate the different compartments?
The common regular nerve innervates, the anterior and lateral compartments and a tibial nerve es the posterior compartment
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
The fibularis longus and the fibularis brevis
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg
The gastrocnemius then the soleus, then the flexor hallucis longus flexor, digitorum longus and tibialis posterior
Describe the tibialis anterior
Its origin is the lateral tibial surface and its insertion is the dorsomedial surface of metatarsal 1. Its function is ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
Describe the extensor digitorum longus
Its Origins are the lateral tibial condyle and the medial fibular surface. Its insertion is the dorsal surface of the lateral four phalanges, and its function is extension of the lateral four toes and ankle dorsiflexion
Describe the extensor hallucis longus
Its origin is the medial surface of fibula and its insertion is the dorsal surface of the hallux. Its function is great. Toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion
Describe the fibularis longus
Its origin is the upper lateral surface and head of fibula, its insertion is the plantar surface of metatarsal 1, and it does ankle Eversion and plantar flexion and supports the arch of the foot
Describe the fibularis brevis
Its origin is the lower lateral surface of the fibular shaft, its insertion is the lateral aspect of metatarsal 5, and its function is ankle eversion and plantar flexion
Describe the gastrocnemius
Its Origins are the posterior medial femoral condyle and the postero-lateral femoral condyle, It’s insertion is the posterior calcaneus via Achilles tendon and it aids in knee flexion and does ankle plantar flexion
Describe the soleus
Its origin is the Soleal line of tibia and the posterior fibular head neck and shaft, its insertion is the posterior calcaneus via Achilles tendon and it does ankle plantar flexion
Describe the flexor hallucis longus
Its origin is the posterior surface of fibula. Its insertion is the plantar surface of great toe and it flexes the great toe and does ankle plantar flexion
Describe the flexor digitorum longus
Its origin is the posterior surface of tibia, its insertion is the plantar surface of lateral four phalanges, and its function is it flexes the lateral four toes and does ankle plantar flexion
Describe the tibialis posterior
Its origin is the posterior tibia and fibula between FHL and FDL. Its insertion is the plantar surface of nearly all tarsal and metatarsal bones and its functions are ankle inversion and plantar flexion and supporting the medial Arch
