Joints Flashcards
What is the stiff tissue (joint capsule) surrounding the joints made of
Connective tissue
What is connective tissue
A type of tissue that has similar molecular composition to each other. This tissue provides support, protection, and structure to other tissues
Give examples of connective tissue in the body
Bones, cartilage, hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage. More specifically ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, fascia, blood and blood vessels.
Are skeletal muscles connective tissue
No
Define motion is lotion
When hyaline cartilage glides against each other, it creates synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. That can be due to exercise
What does muscle tissue make
Muscles
Give an example of nervous tissue
Nerves
Name five types of tissue
Connective, muscle, nervous, dermal, and cardiac,l.
What is flexion
A movement that decreases the angle between body parts
What is extension
A movement that increases the angle between body parts on either side of a joint.
What is abduction
Movement away from the midline in the coronal plane
What is adduction
Movement towards the midline on the coronal plane
What is medial rotation
(Internal rotation) Rotation towards the midline
What is lateral rotation
(external rotation) rotation away from the midline
What is elevation
To move superiorly
What is depression
To move inferiority
What is protraction
To bring anteriorly
What is retraction
To bring posteriorly
If you turn your whole body 90 degrees, does your plane change?
No
What are the two types of joints
Synovial joints and solid joints
What are the features of solid joints
They have no joint cavity, they are connected with stiff connective tissue(usually fibrocartilage), the joints have little to no movement, they are not all the same.
Give an example of a solid joints
The pubic symphysis or sutures of the skull
What are the features of synovial joints
They have a small cavity between the bones surrounded by a joint capsule, the cavity contains synovial fluid that lubricates the joints, and joints allow movement.
What are synovial joints named after
Shape and movement
What are the types of synovial joints
Plantar, hinge, pivot, bicondylar, condylar, saddle, and ball and socket.
Define uniaxial,biaxial, and multiaxial
Uniaxial moves in one plane, bi two, and multi 3 or more
Describe plane joints
They are uniaxial, flat bones that are slightly concave or convex, they allow gliding movements between bones in one place. An example is the acromioclavicular joint
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint
A plane joint
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint
A plane joint
Describe a hinge joint
Bone articular surfaces are convex and concave, they are uniaxial.
Describe the humero ulnar joint
It is a hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension. It is uniaxial
What is the talocrural joint
It is a hinge joint (uniaxial) in the ankle that allows for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
Define pivot joints
Pivot joints are uniaxial with a cylindrical bone that permits rotation in one plane. An example is the atlanto-axial joint
What is the atlanto-axial joint
It is a pivot joint at the axis at Atlas of the spine. It allows for rotation on one plane (uniaxial)
What is a condyle
A rounded projection on the end of a bone that articulates with another bone
What is the bicondylar joint
A joint made from two slightly convex bone surfaces ( the condyles) that allows for rotation at the joint. It is biaxial and has full movement in one plane and partial in another. An example is the tibiofemoral
Describe the tibiofemoral joint
It is the knee joint and it permits flexion, extension, and some medial and lateral rotation.the joint is biaxial and bicondylar
Describe a condylar joint
A joint with a slightly convex bone surface (condyle) that fits into a slightly concave surface. This is biaxial and allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. Example is temporomandibular joint (tmj)
Describe a condylar joint
A joint with a slightly convex bone surface (condyle) that fits into a slightly concave surface. This is biaxial and allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. Example is temporomandibular joint (tmj)
What is the temporomandibular joint
A condylar joint (biaxial) that allows movements in two planes at right angles to each other. Found at mandible . Allows elevation, depression, protraction/rotation, and lateral deviation
Describe saddle joints
Biaxial joints with articular surfaces that are saddle shaped. Movement at 2 planes with right angles to each other. Example: Sternoclavicular joint
What is the Sternoclavicular joint
It is a biaxial saddle joint that has elevation/depression, protraction, retraction
What is a ball and socket joint
A multiaxial joint with a convex ball that fits into a socket of another surface. Example is acetabulofemoral joint
What is the acetabulofemoral joint
The hip, ball and socket joint that has flexion/extension, abduction, adduction, medial/ lateral rotation
