Muscles Flashcards
What are some systems in the body that that muscles play a role in
Digestive, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, and skeletal
What does skeletal muscle do
Produce joint movement and provide support.
What do smooth muscles do in the body
Make up organs and blood vessels
What is the rule of cardiac muscle in the body
Makes up heart muscle
Describe the structure of a muscle
The main part is the belly which is made of bundles of muscle fibers called fasciculus, in the fasciculus are the muscle fibers which are made of myofibrils. The myofibrils are made of thousands of sarcomeres.
How does a muscle shorten and lengthen
The myofibrils are long tubes with sarcomeres that feed into each other and the small amounts of movement from the thousands of sarcomeres can shorten and lengthen the muscle.
What is fascia
Connective tissue that surrounds organs, muscles, bones, vessels, and nerves in the body.
What is the role of fascia
The role is to support, separate, reduce friction, and interconnect structures in the body.
Where is fascia the strongest
When it is deeper in the body it is stronger, if it is more superficial, it just reduces friction
How does fascia separate muscle
It separates muscle with intermuscular septa.
Does fascia have blood vessels and respond to stress
Yes
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone to bone
How does fascia form the tendon that connects to the bone
The fascia comes out of all the muscles at either end to form the tendon and the thickened structure joins into the fascia that surrounds bone and connects the tendon to the bone.
Name a tendon
Achilles tendon
What is a muscles insertion
The point where the distal tendon attaches to the moving bone
What is a muscle’s origin
The point where a tendon joins a relatively stable or fixed or stable skeletal structure
What is the muscle’s function
The muscle always moves its insertion towards its origin
What is the difference between muscle action and joint action
Muscle action is the contraction that is occurring such as concentric, eccentric, and isometric, joint action is the movement in the joint itself such as flexion or extension
List and define the 3 muscle actions
Concentric is muscle shortening, eccentric is muscle lengthening, and isometric is muscle tension when the muscle is neither shortening or lengthening
What is the antagonist muscle
The muscle that opposes The agonist muscle and relaxes at the same time it contracts
What is the agonist muscle
The muscle in the process of contracting
What are synergist muscles
Muscles that at The agonist by supplying supplemental force of movement
What is a fixator muscle
Muscles that provide stability, anchor the bones, and make the movement more efficient by minimizing unnecessary movement.
How are muscles differentiated
Muscles are differentiated by their fiber orientation and shape. Specific arrangements of fascicles in a muscle will determine the whole function of the muscle
What are the four skeletal muscle shapes
Parallel pennate convergent and circular
What are parallel muscles
Muscles that have fascicles that run parallel to one another and these are the most common types of muscles in the body.
What are parallel non-fusiform for muscles
Parallel muscles that have a consistent diameter throughout and a shaped like straps an example is a sartorius
What are parallel fusiform muscles
Parallel muscles that are largest in diameter in the middle of the body and taper at both ends the biceps brachii is an example
What are penne muscles
Muscles that are at an angle to the tendon they attach to
What are unipennate muscles
Muscles with all fascicles on the same side of the tendon and example is the extensor digitorum
What is a bipennate muscle
A muscle with fascicles on either side of the tendon an example is a rectus femoris
What is a multipennate muscle
The muscle in which the tendon splits and there is more than one central tendon with pronation. an example is a deltoid
Compare parallel versus pennate muscles in terms of speed of contraction and strength
Parallel muscles contract quicker because they pull along the access while pennate muscles pull at an angle so they don’t pull as fast however Penny muscles can make a stronger Force because there are more muscle fibers
List the origin insertion and movement of the biceps brachii
The biceps brachii actually has two heads which are the superior glenoid in the coracoid process. The insertion is the anterior proximal radius and the movement is elbow flexion.
List the origin insertion and movement of the triceps brachii
The origins are the inferior glenoid, the postero-medial surface of humerus, and the postero-lateral surface of the humerus. The insertion is the ocranon. The movement is elbow extension.
List the origin insertion and movement of the tibialis anterior
The origin is the antero-lateral tibial surface, the insertion is a dorsal surface of foot, and the movement is ankle dorsiflexion
List the origin insertion and movement of the gastrocnemius
The origins are the posteral-medial femoral condyle, the posteral-lateral femoral condyle. The insertion is the posterior calcaneus via the Achilles tendon and the movement is ankle plantar flexion.
