Muscles

Question 1

What are some systems in the body that that muscles play a role in

Answer 1

Digestive, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, and skeletal

Question 2

What does skeletal muscle do

Answer 2

Produce joint movement and provide support.

Question 3

What do smooth muscles do in the body

Answer 3

Make up organs and blood vessels

Question 4

What is the rule of cardiac muscle in the body

Answer 4

Makes up heart muscle

Question 5

Describe the structure of a muscle

Answer 5

The main part is the belly which is made of bundles of muscle fibers called fasciculus, in the fasciculus are the muscle fibers which are made of myofibrils. The myofibrils are made of thousands of sarcomeres.

Question 6

How does a muscle shorten and lengthen

Answer 6

The myofibrils are long tubes with sarcomeres that feed into each other and the small amounts of movement from the thousands of sarcomeres can shorten and lengthen the muscle.

Question 7

What is fascia

Answer 7

Connective tissue that surrounds organs, muscles, bones, vessels, and nerves in the body.

Question 8

What is the role of fascia

Answer 8

The role is to support, separate, reduce friction, and interconnect structures in the body.

Question 9

Where is fascia the strongest

Answer 9

When it is deeper in the body it is stronger, if it is more superficial, it just reduces friction

Question 10

How does fascia separate muscle

Answer 10

It separates muscle with intermuscular septa.

Question 11

Does fascia have blood vessels and respond to stress

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

Answer 12

Tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 13

How does fascia form the tendon that connects to the bone

Answer 13

The fascia comes out of all the muscles at either end to form the tendon and the thickened structure joins into the fascia that surrounds bone and connects the tendon to the bone.

Question 14

Name a tendon

Answer 14

Achilles tendon

Question 15

What is a muscles insertion

Answer 15

The point where the distal tendon attaches to the moving bone

Question 16

What is a muscle’s origin

Answer 16

The point where a tendon joins a relatively stable or fixed or stable skeletal structure

Question 17

What is the muscle’s function

Answer 17

The muscle always moves its insertion towards its origin

Question 18

What is the difference between muscle action and joint action

Answer 18

Muscle action is the contraction that is occurring such as concentric, eccentric, and isometric, joint action is the movement in the joint itself such as flexion or extension

Question 19

List and define the 3 muscle actions

Answer 19

Concentric is muscle shortening, eccentric is muscle lengthening, and isometric is muscle tension when the muscle is neither shortening or lengthening

Question 20

What is the antagonist muscle

Answer 20

The muscle that opposes The agonist muscle and relaxes at the same time it contracts

Question 21

What is the agonist muscle

Answer 21

The muscle in the process of contracting

Question 22

What are synergist muscles

Answer 22

Muscles that at The agonist by supplying supplemental force of movement

Question 23

What is a fixator muscle

Answer 23

Muscles that provide stability, anchor the bones, and make the movement more efficient by minimizing unnecessary movement.

Question 24

How are muscles differentiated

Answer 24

Muscles are differentiated by their fiber orientation and shape. Specific arrangements of fascicles in a muscle will determine the whole function of the muscle

Question 25

What are the four skeletal muscle shapes

Answer 25

Parallel pennate convergent and circular

Question 26

What are parallel muscles

Answer 26

Muscles that have fascicles that run parallel to one another and these are the most common types of muscles in the body.

Question 27

What are parallel non-fusiform for muscles

Answer 27

Parallel muscles that have a consistent diameter throughout and a shaped like straps an example is a sartorius

Question 28

What are parallel fusiform muscles

Answer 28

Parallel muscles that are largest in diameter in the middle of the body and taper at both ends the biceps brachii is an example

Question 29

What are penne muscles

Answer 29

Muscles that are at an angle to the tendon they attach to

Question 30

What are unipennate muscles

Answer 30

Muscles with all fascicles on the same side of the tendon and example is the extensor digitorum

Question 31

What is a bipennate muscle

Answer 31

A muscle with fascicles on either side of the tendon an example is a rectus femoris

Question 32

What is a multipennate muscle

Answer 32

The muscle in which the tendon splits and there is more than one central tendon with pronation. an example is a deltoid

Question 33

Compare parallel versus pennate muscles in terms of speed of contraction and strength

Answer 33

Parallel muscles contract quicker because they pull along the access while pennate muscles pull at an angle so they don’t pull as fast however Penny muscles can make a stronger Force because there are more muscle fibers

Question 34

List the origin insertion and movement of the biceps brachii

Answer 34

The biceps brachii actually has two heads which are the superior glenoid in the coracoid process. The insertion is the anterior proximal radius and the movement is elbow flexion.

Question 35

List the origin insertion and movement of the triceps brachii

Answer 35

The origins are the inferior glenoid, the postero-medial surface of humerus, and the postero-lateral surface of the humerus. The insertion is the ocranon. The movement is elbow extension.

Question 36

List the origin insertion and movement of the tibialis anterior

Answer 36

The origin is the antero-lateral tibial surface, the insertion is a dorsal surface of foot, and the movement is ankle dorsiflexion

Question 37

List the origin insertion and movement of the gastrocnemius

Answer 37

The origins are the posteral-medial femoral condyle, the posteral-lateral femoral condyle. The insertion is the posterior calcaneus via the Achilles tendon and the movement is ankle plantar flexion.