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HES 120 > Lecture 1:Bones > Flashcards

Lecture 1:Bones Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in an adult human body

A

206

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2
Q

What are the five main functions of bones

A

Support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.

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3
Q

What are the five bone shapes

A

Long bone short bones flat bones irregular bones and sesamoid bones

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4
Q

Name two long bones

A

The humerus and the femur

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5
Q

Name two short bones

A

The carpels and the tarsals

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6
Q

Name two flat bones

A

The sternum and the bones of the skull

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7
Q

What are two examples of irregular bones

A

The vertebra and face bones

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8
Q

Name two examples of sesamoid bones

A

The patella and sesamoids

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9
Q

Where are Sesamoid bones found

A

In tendons

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10
Q

What is the axial skeleton

A

The axial skeleton refers to bones in the skull and vertebral column this also includes the sacrum coxum ribs and sternum

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11
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton

A

The bones of the upper and lower limbs

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12
Q

How many vertebrae are in a spine

A

33

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13
Q

How does the vertebrae change in size

A

The vertebrae get larger going from cervical to lumbar vertebrae or top to bottom

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14
Q

What separates each vertebrae

A

Intervertebral disc made of stiff connective tissue

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15
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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16
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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17
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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18
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there

A

5

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19
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrate are there

A

4

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20
Q

What is special about sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

A

They are fused into one bone the sacral are fused into the sacrum and the coccygeal vertebrae are fused into the coccyx

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21
Q

What is the difference between an articular facet and an articular process?

A

Articular processes are in the lumber and thoracic vertebrae and they have a process that projects out. The cervical rid of my however has a facet because it does not project off the bone is more flat

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22
Q

What is the shape of the vertebral body for the lumber vertebrae

A

Kidney

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23
Q

What is the shape of the lumber vertical foramen

A

Triangle

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24
Q

How can the lumber transverse processes be described

A

Short

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25
Q

What is the spinous process for the lumbar vertebrae like?

A

Thick, points posteriorly

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26
Q

Does the lumber have an articular process

A

Yes

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27
Q

What is a process

A

A projection or outgrowth off a bone

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28
Q

What does articular mean

A

Relating to a joint in the region the joint is located

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29
Q

Foramen

A

An opening or hole in a bone. A hole

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30
Q

What is the shape of the body of a cervical vertebrae (not c11 or c11?

A

Small and oval

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31
Q

What is the shape of the body of the thoracic vertebrae

A

Larger and heart shaped

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32
Q

What is the shape of the vertebral Foreman on the thoracic vertebrae

A

Circular

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33
Q

What is the shape of the vertical Foreman on a regular cervical vertebrae

A

Triangular

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34
Q

What shape is most of the spinous processes on cervical vertebrae

A

Fork shaped

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35
Q

Which direction does the spinous processes point on lumbar vs thoracic vertebrae

A

Lumbar spinous processes are thick and point posteriorly while thoracic spinous processes are long and point inferiorly

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36
Q

What is the structure on the skull which the superior articular facets of the atlas attached to

A

Occipital condyles

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37
Q

What is the superior end of the sacrum called

A

The base

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38
Q

What is the inferior end of the sacrum called

A

The apex

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39
Q

What are the transverse processes on thoracic vertebrate Like

A

They are long and have articular facets for the ribs

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40
Q

What are the transverse processes on lumbar vertebrae like

A

They are short with no facets or foramina

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41
Q

What are the transverse processes on cervical vertebrate like

A

They have transverse foramina

42
Q

What does the acromial end of the clavicle attach to

A

These scapula

43
Q

What does the sternal end of the clavicle attach to

A

The sternum

44
Q

If the clavicle is shaped like a hockey stick what does the heel of the hockey stick point

A

Posteriorly towards the back

45
Q

Is the acromal end of the clavicle medial or lateral

A

Lateral

46
Q

Is the sternal end of the clavicle medial or lateral

A

Medial

47
Q

What is the ridge on the scapula called

A

The scapular spine

48
Q

What does the acromion on the scapular spine attach to

A

The acromial end of the clavicle

49
Q

What sits in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

A

The head of the humerus

50
Q

What is the coracoid process

A

A process on the scapula

51
Q

Which end of the ulna has the big notch that attaches it to the humerus

A

Proximal end next to the radial head

52
Q

What processes are located on the distal end of the radius and ulna

A

Radial styloid process and ulnar styloid process

53
Q

What is the body like on the atlas c1

A

There are two lateral masses

54
Q

Does the atlas have a spinous process

A

No

55
Q

Does the atlas have transverse processes

A

Yes and they have transverse foramen in them

56
Q

What unique process does the axis cll have

A

The dens (ondontoid) process

57
Q

Does the axis have a spinous process

A

Yes

58
Q

What is a tubercle

A

A small rounded projection on the surface of a bone

59
Q

What does the head of the rib attached to

A

Attaches to the vertebrae

60
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib attach to

A

The transverse process

61
Q

Where is the ischium

A

The back of the pelvis

62
Q

Where is the pubis

A

At the front of the pelvis

63
Q

What three structures make up the hip bone

A

The ilium the pubis and the ischium

64
Q

What is the acetabulum

A

The socket for the hip joint

65
Q

What is the bump you feel at the side of your hip that is actually a part of your femur

A

The greater trochanter

66
Q

How many facial bones are there and name two of them

A

14, maxilla, mandible

67
Q

How many cranial bones are there

A

8

68
Q

What bone gets her when you bike

A

The ischium in the pelvis

69
Q

How many true ribs are there

A

7

70
Q

How many false ribs are there

A

3 (ribs 8,9,10)

71
Q

How many floating ribs are there

A

2 (11, 12

72
Q

How many floating ribs are there

A

2 (11, 12

73
Q

What is the bump on the rib called

A

Tubercle

74
Q

What is the bump on the rib called

A

Tubercle

75
Q

What is the bend on a rib called

A

Angle of rib

76
Q

What is the lateral part of the scapula

A

The lateral boarder

77
Q

What processes are on the bottom of the humerus

A

Lateral epicondyle, condyle, and medial epicondyle

78
Q

How many carpal bones, metacarpal, and phalanges are there in one hand

A

8 carpal, 5 metacarpal, 14 phalanges

79
Q

What is the top of the hip bone called

A

Iliac crest

80
Q

What processes are on the anterior side of the femur

A

Lateral and medial epicondyle

81
Q

What bumps are on the posterior side of the femur

A

Medial and lateral condyle

82
Q

What is the top and bottom of the patella

A

Base and apex

83
Q

What bumps are on the superior end of the tibia

A

Lateral condyle and medial condyle

84
Q

What bumps are on the inferior part of the tibia

A

Medial malleolus and lateral malleolus

85
Q

What bone is on the heal

A

Calcaneus

86
Q

What bone makes up the ankle

A

Talus

87
Q

How many tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges in the foot

A

7 tarsal 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges

88
Q

What is compact bone

A

Dense bone that forms the outer shell of all bones.

89
Q

What is trabecular bone

A

Spongy bone that forms a scaffolding-like center which forms cavities to be filled by bone marrow.

90
Q

Does the outer out inner layer of bone have more sensory nerves

A

Outer layer

91
Q

At the inferior and anterior part of the femur, what is there

A

Lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle

92
Q

At the inferior and posterior end of the femur what is there

A

Lateral and medial condyles

93
Q

Do the radius and ulna have condyles?

A

No just the styloid processes on the distal end

94
Q

What is the pointy tip on the scapula called

A

The inferior angle

95
Q

How do ribs attach the thoracic vertebrae

A

Ribs attached to the thoracic vertebrae in two places. On the coastal facets on the body and the cost will facets located on the ends of the transverse processes

96
Q

What are articular processes

A

They’re the processes that connect the different vertebrates together superiorly and inferiorly

97
Q

What are the movements of the cervical vertebrae

A

Flexion extension, lateral flexion and rotation

98
Q

What other movements of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

A

Flexion extension, lateral flexion and rotation

99
Q

Bones have epicondiles

A

The humerus and the femur

100
Q

What is the outside of the top of the on the ulna called

A

The olecranon

101
Q

Which bone is the greater trochanter

A

The fever

102
Q

Which Bones have the malleolus

A

The tibia and the fibula

HES 120 (6 decks)

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