Lecture 1:Bones Flashcards
How many bones are in an adult human body
206
What are the five main functions of bones
Support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.
What are the five bone shapes
Long bone short bones flat bones irregular bones and sesamoid bones
Name two long bones
The humerus and the femur
Name two short bones
The carpels and the tarsals
Name two flat bones
The sternum and the bones of the skull
What are two examples of irregular bones
The vertebra and face bones
Name two examples of sesamoid bones
The patella and sesamoids
Where are Sesamoid bones found
In tendons
What is the axial skeleton
The axial skeleton refers to bones in the skull and vertebral column this also includes the sacrum coxum ribs and sternum
What is the appendicular skeleton
The bones of the upper and lower limbs
How many vertebrae are in a spine
33
How does the vertebrae change in size
The vertebrae get larger going from cervical to lumbar vertebrae or top to bottom
What separates each vertebrae
Intervertebral disc made of stiff connective tissue
How many cervical vertebrae are there
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there
5
How many sacral vertebrae are there
5
How many coccygeal vertebrate are there
4
What is special about sacral and coccygeal vertebrae
They are fused into one bone the sacral are fused into the sacrum and the coccygeal vertebrae are fused into the coccyx
What is the difference between an articular facet and an articular process?
Articular processes are in the lumber and thoracic vertebrae and they have a process that projects out. The cervical rid of my however has a facet because it does not project off the bone is more flat
What is the shape of the vertebral body for the lumber vertebrae
Kidney
What is the shape of the lumber vertical foramen
Triangle
How can the lumber transverse processes be described
Short
What is the spinous process for the lumbar vertebrae like?
Thick, points posteriorly
Does the lumber have an articular process
Yes
What is a process
A projection or outgrowth off a bone
What does articular mean
Relating to a joint in the region the joint is located
Foramen
An opening or hole in a bone. A hole
What is the shape of the body of a cervical vertebrae (not c11 or c11?
Small and oval
What is the shape of the body of the thoracic vertebrae
Larger and heart shaped
What is the shape of the vertebral Foreman on the thoracic vertebrae
Circular
What is the shape of the vertical Foreman on a regular cervical vertebrae
Triangular
What shape is most of the spinous processes on cervical vertebrae
Fork shaped
Which direction does the spinous processes point on lumbar vs thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar spinous processes are thick and point posteriorly while thoracic spinous processes are long and point inferiorly
What is the structure on the skull which the superior articular facets of the atlas attached to
Occipital condyles
What is the superior end of the sacrum called
The base
What is the inferior end of the sacrum called
The apex
What are the transverse processes on thoracic vertebrate Like
They are long and have articular facets for the ribs
What are the transverse processes on lumbar vertebrae like
They are short with no facets or foramina
What are the transverse processes on cervical vertebrate like
They have transverse foramina
What does the acromial end of the clavicle attach to
These scapula
What does the sternal end of the clavicle attach to
The sternum
If the clavicle is shaped like a hockey stick what does the heel of the hockey stick point
Posteriorly towards the back
Is the acromal end of the clavicle medial or lateral
Lateral
Is the sternal end of the clavicle medial or lateral
Medial
What is the ridge on the scapula called
The scapular spine
What does the acromion on the scapular spine attach to
The acromial end of the clavicle
What sits in the glenoid cavity of the scapula
The head of the humerus
What is the coracoid process
A process on the scapula
Which end of the ulna has the big notch that attaches it to the humerus
Proximal end next to the radial head
What processes are located on the distal end of the radius and ulna
Radial styloid process and ulnar styloid process
What is the body like on the atlas c1
There are two lateral masses
Does the atlas have a spinous process
No
Does the atlas have transverse processes
Yes and they have transverse foramen in them
What unique process does the axis cll have
The dens (ondontoid) process
Does the axis have a spinous process
Yes
What is a tubercle
A small rounded projection on the surface of a bone
What does the head of the rib attached to
Attaches to the vertebrae
What does the tubercle of the rib attach to
The transverse process
Where is the ischium
The back of the pelvis
Where is the pubis
At the front of the pelvis
What three structures make up the hip bone
The ilium the pubis and the ischium
What is the acetabulum
The socket for the hip joint
What is the bump you feel at the side of your hip that is actually a part of your femur
The greater trochanter
How many facial bones are there and name two of them
14, maxilla, mandible
How many cranial bones are there
8
What bone gets her when you bike
The ischium in the pelvis
How many true ribs are there
7
How many false ribs are there
3 (ribs 8,9,10)
How many floating ribs are there
2 (11, 12
How many floating ribs are there
2 (11, 12
What is the bump on the rib called
Tubercle
What is the bump on the rib called
Tubercle
What is the bend on a rib called
Angle of rib
What is the lateral part of the scapula
The lateral boarder
What processes are on the bottom of the humerus
Lateral epicondyle, condyle, and medial epicondyle
How many carpal bones, metacarpal, and phalanges are there in one hand
8 carpal, 5 metacarpal, 14 phalanges
What is the top of the hip bone called
Iliac crest
What processes are on the anterior side of the femur
Lateral and medial epicondyle
What bumps are on the posterior side of the femur
Medial and lateral condyle
What is the top and bottom of the patella
Base and apex
What bumps are on the superior end of the tibia
Lateral condyle and medial condyle
What bumps are on the inferior part of the tibia
Medial malleolus and lateral malleolus
What bone is on the heal
Calcaneus
What bone makes up the ankle
Talus
How many tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges in the foot
7 tarsal 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges
What is compact bone
Dense bone that forms the outer shell of all bones.
What is trabecular bone
Spongy bone that forms a scaffolding-like center which forms cavities to be filled by bone marrow.
Does the outer out inner layer of bone have more sensory nerves
Outer layer
At the inferior and anterior part of the femur, what is there
Lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle
At the inferior and posterior end of the femur what is there
Lateral and medial condyles
Do the radius and ulna have condyles?
No just the styloid processes on the distal end
What is the pointy tip on the scapula called
The inferior angle
How do ribs attach the thoracic vertebrae
Ribs attached to the thoracic vertebrae in two places. On the coastal facets on the body and the cost will facets located on the ends of the transverse processes
What are articular processes
They’re the processes that connect the different vertebrates together superiorly and inferiorly
What are the movements of the cervical vertebrae
Flexion extension, lateral flexion and rotation
What other movements of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Flexion extension, lateral flexion and rotation
Bones have epicondiles
The humerus and the femur
What is the outside of the top of the on the ulna called
The olecranon
Which bone is the greater trochanter
The fever
Which Bones have the malleolus
The tibia and the fibula
