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DERM 1 > The Limster 1-2 > Flashcards

The Limster 1-2 Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

When you see vesicles or bullae in a linear pattern what should you be thinking?

A

contact dermatitis

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1
Q

What is a dermal vesicle?

A

Okay, brace yourselves. It is a vesicle (i.e. free collection of fluid less than 0.5 cm in diameter) in? …THE DERMIS.

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2
Q

What is it called when macules coalesce? What about when papules coalesce?

A

macules = patch, papules = plaque

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2
Q

What is a cyst?

A

A circumscribed lesion with a wall and a lumen that may contain fluid or solid matter

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2
Q

What should you think if you see a burrow in the skin?

A

Scabies

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2
Q

What is a very common cause of cutaneous atrophy?

A

overuse of topical steroids or injection of SubQ steroid when it was supposed to be IM

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3
Q

What is a fissure?

A

a linear loss of epidermis AND dermis with sharply defined, near vertical walls

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3
Q

Damage to what layer is implied by the presence of a scar?

A

Dermis (at least) because the basal layer of epidermis is lost

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3
Q

This is a circumscribed deposit of blood less than 0.5 cm in diameter

A

petechiae

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of erythema multiforme?

A

HSV-1 also Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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3
Q

What is an erosion that is specifically caused by scratching?

A

Excoriation

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3
Q

What are scales?

A

Excess dead epidermal cells produced by abnromal keratinization and shedding

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4
Q

Telangiectasias are very characteristic of what CA?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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5
Q

If you see lichenification, was the initial lesion most likely painful, itchy, or not noticed by the patient?

A

itchy, lichenification results from repeated scratching of the skin

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6
Q

Give an example of a chemical that can cause vitiligo

A

phenols

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6
Q

What is the difference between a keloid and a hypertrophic scar?

A

A keloid is a tumor of scar tissue that grows beyond the bounds of the initial lesion whereas a hypertrophic scar is just an excessively thickened scar

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7
Q

What are the two biochromes of the dermis?

A

Oxyhemoglobin (bright red), Reduced hemoglobin (bluish red)

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7
Q

Where does a pilar cyst come from? Where does an epidermal cyst come from?

A

Pilar cyst is from hair shaft, Epidermal cyst is from sebaceous gland and has a central punctum

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8
Q

What kind of conditions are associated with acne excoriate?

A

neuroses, because they scratch like crazy (pun intended) at their acne leading to excoriations

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9
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Circiumscribed collection of free fluid up to 0.5 cm in diameter

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9
Q

What is a circumscribed collection of blood greater than 0.5 cm

A

purpura

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10
Q

What’s the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?

A

A bulla is circumscribed collection of free fluid greater than 0.5 cm whereas a vesicle is less than 0.5 cm

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11
Q

What is a firm (i.e. indurated) edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid?

A

Wheal

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13
Q

Why is the center of the erythema multiforme lesion white while the surrounding areas are red?

A

At the center there is necrosis and surrounding it is erythema

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14
Q

What is the name of the feces of Scabies?

A

scybala

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14
Q

What are purpura?

A

circumscribed deposits of blood greater than 0.5 cm

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16
Q

These well circumscribed lesions contain a wall and a lumen and may contain solid or fluid matter?

A

Cyst

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16
Q

The necrotic, crusty (black) secondary lesions of herpes in the perianal area is called __________

A

herpes gangrenosum

17
Q

How is a pustule different from a vesicle?

A

Pustule is a circumscribed collection of LEUKOCYTES and free fluid and vesicle is just free fluid

18
Q

What are the primary lesions of acne called?

A

Comedones

19
Q

This is a circumscribed and flat bump in the skin that may be brown, blue, red

A

MACULE

21
Q

What may be assoc. with hard and indurated skin?

A

scleroderma, myxedema, and amyloidosis

23
Q

How does an ulcer heal? Why?

A

with scarring because the basal layer (stem cell layer) of epidermis is lost

25
Q

This is a tumor of scar tissue that grows beyond the bounds of the initial cut

A

keloid

27
Q

Name 5 secondary lesions

A

crusts, fissures, erosions, ulcer, scar

28
Q

What are petechiae?

A

circumscribed deposit of blood less than 0.5 cm

29
Q

What are milia? How do you differentiate from a whitehead?

A

small superficial keratin cysts without a visible opening

29
Q

Why do UV and radiated skin often have telangiectasias?

A

UV and other forms of radiation cause cutaneous atrophy and expose the dilated blood vessels

31
Q

If one felt inclined to differentiate between a depigmented macule and a hypopigmented macule, how would one embark on this endeavor?

A

One could use a Wood’s lamp. By doing so, one would note that a depigmented macule would have a “brilliant” purple color change. Conversely, with a hypopigmented macule, one would note a less “brilliant” color change

32
Q

What happens to the amount of hair in Cushing’s dz and anemia?

A

more in Cushing’s Dz, less in anemia

33
Q

What may be assoc. with soft skin?

A

hypopituitarism or hypothyroidism

35
Q

Hallmark of MCV infections

A

umbilicated lesions ZOMG

37
Q

What does anasarca indicate?

A

could indicate severe liver or kidney disease with or without CHF

39
Q

What is a good way to Tx a keloid?

A

inject with steroids, re-excising would be dumb because they are known to be prone to keloid formation

40
Q

What are the two biochromes of the epidermis?

A

melanin = brown and Carotenoids = yellow

42
Q

What does poor turgor indicate?

A

dehydration

43
Q

What does it mean to have a positive Nikolsky sign?

A

You can easly dissect your finger through the bulla

44
Q

What are some of the most common causes of angular chelitis?

A

licking the lips and vitamin deficiencies

45
Q

What eponym describes the ability to easily dissect through a bulla?

A

Nikolsky sign

46
Q

What is a linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls?

A

fissure

47
Q

What is an excoriation?

A

An erosion caused specifically d/t scratching

49
Q

What is a circumscribed collection of leukocytes and free fluid that varies in size?

A

pustule

50
Q

What is the “knee-jerk” reaction as described by Dr. Lim when you see a polygonal plaque?

A

lichen planus, recall that a plaque is a confluence of papules

51
Q

Why don?t erosions heal with scarring? Where else in the body does this occur?

A

Because the basal layer of epidermis remains intact. This also occurs in the GI tract? Think about Crohn’s Dz, you get stricture formation and creeping of the mesenteric fat because you have lost more than the basal layer of cells of the mucosa. Therefore, there will be scar formation = stricture. Same deal in skin.

53
Q

4 places keloids tend to form?

A

neck, chest, shoulders, and upper back

54
Q

What is a macule?

A

a circumscribed FLAT discoloration

55
Q

This is a depression in the skin resulting from thinning of epidermis or dermis

A

atrophy

57
Q

Tissue at the base of an ulcer that is soft and friable is sometimes called ________ flesh

A

proud flesh

58
Q

What is a nodule? What is a large nodule referred to as?

A

circumscribed elevated, and solid lesion greater than 0.5 cm? Large nodule = tumor

59
Q

What is a patch?

A

A patch is a macule more than 3-4 cm in diameter

61
Q

This is a dilated superficial blood vessel

A

telangiectasia

62
Q

What is lichenification?

A

An area of thickening epidermis induced by scratching

63
Q

Layterm for crusts

A

scab? Yes that’s right, only the modern medical intellects employ the fancy word “crust”

64
Q

What are other names for A) open comedone and B) closed comedone

A

A) blackhead B) whitehead

65
Q

What are excess dead epidermal cells produced by abnormal keratinization and shedding?

A

Scales

66
Q

What is (cutaneous) atrophy?

A

Depression in the skin from thinning of epidermis or dermis

67
Q

What is a lesion that involves a focal loss of epidermis ONLY? What is the next stage?

A

erosion, ulcer

68
Q

What is an area of thickening of the epidermis induced by scratching?

A

lichenification

69
Q

What was the point of the introductory lecture?

A

No one knows. Don’t question it. Don’t talk about it. Just go with it.

DERM 1 (7 decks)

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