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DERM 1 > Derm bacteria > Flashcards

Derm bacteria Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the causal agent of rat bite fever?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

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1
Q

Explain what determines whether a person who contracts Mycobacterium leprae will develop tuberculous leprosy or lepromatous leprosy

A

It is all dependent on the CMI, so if that is good they will only have tuberculoid leprosy (less severe). If they have poor CMI, they will develop lepromatous leprosy

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3
Q

Define bulla

A

vesicle greater than 5 mm

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4
Q

How is staph aureus transmitted?

A

direct contact or fomites

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4
Q

Which bug creates a rash that looks a bit like the lupus rash?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes–erysipelas

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5
Q

Compare the rash of RMSF to Scrub typhus. What are the causal agents, respectively?

A

RMSF is a centripetal rash from palms and feet to trunk. Scrub typhus is trunk and outward; Ricketsia rickettsii and Orentia Tsutsugamushi (the greatest name in all of microbiology)

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6
Q

Discuss the 3 types of necrotizing fasciitis

A

Type I: polymicrobial, at least 1 anaerobe in combination with more than 1 facultative bacteria; Type II: streptococcus pyogenes with or without staph; Type III–gas gangrene, Clostridium perfringens

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7
Q

What is the goal of the human microbiome project?

A

To determine ALL of the normal flora of the human body

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7
Q

In general, what is the most important virulence factor for Strep pyogenes?

A

M protein, it evades phagocytosis

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8
Q

Define macule

A

flat and circular lesion 5 mm or less in diameter

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8
Q

How can you differentiate (lab-wise) N. gonorrhea and N. meningitidis?

A

Meningitidis metabolizes maltose and glucose whereas gonorrhea metabolizes glucose only (Carty misspoke)

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9
Q

What causes erysipelas? Erysipeloid?

A

Erysipelas = Strep pyogenes; Erysipeloid = Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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10
Q

How does staphylococcal protein A work?

A

Binds Fc portion of IgG to inhibit complement activation

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11
Q

T/F: a Vibrio vulnificus infection can be contracted from warm seawater and is an extremely painful but self-limiting infection

A

False, it is from warm seawater and it is painful but it is rapidly progressive and can lead to shock/death in 50% of cases

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12
Q

What antigen is missing from LOS in comparison to LPS?

A

the O antigen

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13
Q

Why do people with lepromatous leprosy have flat noses?

A

Mycobacterium leprae destroys the septum of the nose

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14
Q

Causal agent of the infamous fish tank granuloma

A

Mycobacterium marinum

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14
Q

How does cutaneous anthrax present?

A

PAINLESS black eschar

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16
Q

What is the major opportunist of the normal skin flora?

A

Staph epidermidis on prosthetic devices esp. > 3 months

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of Bacillus anthracis infection?

A

Pulmonary (mediastinal widening), GI, and cutaneous which is the most common

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16
Q

What kind of capsule does B. anthracis have?

A

Poly D-glutamic acid

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18
Q

What is present in the blisters from scalded skin syndrome and bullous impetigo? What is different between these two?

A

Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins but NO BUGS. Bullous impetigo is a localized version of scalded skin syndrome

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19
Q

What is the main virulence factor of s. epidermidis?

A

biofilm

20
Q

Who gets Cat Scratch disease and who gets Bacillary angiomatosis? Caused by?

A

Cat scratch is Bartonella henselae in immune competent pt and Bacillary angiomatosis is Bartonella henselae in IC pts

21
Q

What bug and virulence factor causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staphylococcus aureus; TSST-1

22
Q

How can you treat necrotizing fasciitis? (3)

A

Surgical debridement and/or amputation; combination antibiotics; hyperbaric chamber

23
Q

What is infected by Ricketsia ricketsii?

A

vascular endothelial cells, it is obligate intracellular

24
Q

Where does the name Propionibacterium acnes come from?

A

The fact that they metabolize sebum into propionic acid

25
Q

Define papule

A

discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion

25
Q

What bug looks like a tennis racked on light microscope? What should you think if you see tennis rackets on EM?

A

Clostridium perfringens; Birbeck granules of Langerhans Histiocytosis

26
Q

What derm lesion is pathognomonic for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Ecthyma gangrenosum

27
Q

What 2 bugs may cause impetigo?

A

Staph and strep pyogenes

28
Q

How often does Clostridium perfringens divide?

A

every 12 minutes! Very rapid progression!

28
Q

How does one get Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae? G stain?

A

GI tract of animals–causes erysipeloid; gram positive rods

30
Q

T/F: the sandpaper rash of scarlett fever contains catalase negative cocci in chains

A

false, the sandpaper rash is formed from the pyrogenic exotoxins of strep, there are no bugs (Spe)

31
Q

What is Hansen’s disease?

A

Leprosy

32
Q

What will be the key piece of information in the H&P of a necrotizing fasciitis case?

A

The pain will be disproportionate to the appearance of the infected area

33
Q

An antibody to what is being detected in the non-treponemal test?

A

cardiolipin

35
Q

Why do teens get acne more so than other age groups?

A

Hormones trigger the production of sebum which results in “food” for Propionibacterium acnes (to metabolize into propionic acid)

36
Q

What may staph folliculitis progress to?

A

First a furuncle which is essentially a boil or abscess, then a carbuncle which is a furuncle that has gone deeper and spread laterally through the fascia

38
Q

What bugs cause impetigo? Bullous impetigo?

A

Impetigo is both staph aureus and group A strep; bullous impetigo is staph aureus only

41
Q

Regarding Mycobacterium leprae describe 1) Temperature requirements 2) Gram stain 3) Incubation period

A

1) grows in lower temps 32-34 C 2) No gram stain, it is acid fast rod 3) YEARS

42
Q

Why does Pseudomonas cause hot tub folliculitis?

A

The heat opens up the pores and lets the bug in

43
Q

Gram stain and virulence factor for Clostridium perfringens

A

Gram positive anaerobic rod, alpha toxin = lecithinase (lecithinase breaks down lipids in the cell membrane leading to cell death)

44
Q

Gram stain and shape of Proprionibacterium acnes

A

Gram positive rods

45
Q

What is significant about Neisseria spp. Pili?

A

They undergo antigenic variation

46
Q

Define vesicle

A

fluid-filled, raised lesion 5 mm or less

47
Q

Gram stain of Pastuerella multocida?

A

Bipolar gram negative rods and oxidase positive

49
Q

Above what age must a child be to receive the Menomune vaccine to meningococcus?

A

2

50
Q

Which gene allows for MRSA to be resistant to methicillin?

A

mecA (also resistant to nafcillin, dicloxacillin, and oxacillin)

51
Q

What are 2 important areas to look for the rash of secondary syphilis?

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

52
Q

What is associated with leonine facies?

A

Lepromatous leprosy

53
Q

What exactly is entering the skin in a cutaneous anthrax infection?

A

endospores, not gram positive rods

54
Q

Describe the 3 basic mechanisms of pathogenesis that organisms can use to infect the skin or have skin manifestations

A

1) infection from a break in the skin 2) a skin manifestation of systemic infection (meningococcemia) or 3) toxin that circulates to infect the skin

55
Q

Define patch

A

a macule (or group of macules that has coalesced) to become greater than 5 mm in diameter

56
Q

What is Ritter’s Disease? What is the major concern with it?

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome from the exfoliative toxins of staphylococcus; the main concern is dehydration and/or secondary infections

DERM 1 (7 decks)

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