The Learning Process Part 2 - ATP Flight School

Question 1

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What is skill knowledge?

Answer 1

Knowledge reflected in motor or manual skills. The ability to do something physically, e.g., ride a bike.

Question 2

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How is skill knowledge developed?

Answer 2

Through observation and practice.

Question 3

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List the stages of skill acquisition.

Answer 3

Cognitive, associative, and automatic response.

Question 4

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Describe the cognitive stage.

Answer 4

The student memorizes the steps required to perform a skill, and has to think about each step as they perform it.

Question 5

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Describe the associative stage.

Answer 5

Through practice, the student developes muscle memory and hand-eye coordination that allows them to accomplish a task without thinking about the memorized steps.

Question 6

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Describe the automatic response stage.

Answer 6

After much practice, the student can perform a task without much mental effort using primarily muscle memory.

Question 7

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List the different types of practice used to develop skill knowledge.

Answer 7

Deliberate, blocked, and random.

Question 8

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What is deliberate practice?

Answer 8

The student practices specific areas for improvement and receives specific feedback on their performance. Used to help students master the steps of a skill.

Question 9

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What is blocked practice?

Answer 9

The student executes the same drill over and over. Used to help students develop the automatic muscle movements used in a skill.

Question 10

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What is random practice?

Answer 10

The student performs skills in different orders or sequences. Promotes better retention because student practices retrieving skill from long-term memory and sees similarities between skills.

Question 11

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What is scenario-based training?

Answer 11

Allowing students to practice applying the skills they have learned in environments that accurately resemble the real world.

Question 12

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What are three qualities of a good scenario?

Answer 12

Has a clear objective, is tailored to the student, is based on the local environment

Question 13

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What are the two kinds of error?

Answer 13

Slips and mistakes.

Question 14

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What is a slip?

Answer 14

A slip is when a person plans to do one thing but then inadvertently does something else. Slips are errors of action.

Question 15

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What is a mistake?

Answer 15

A mistake occurs when a person plans to do the wrong thing and is successful. Mistakes are errors of thought.

Question 16

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What are six ways errors can be reduced?

Answer 16

Learning and practicing, taking time, checking for errors, using reminders, developing routines, and raising awareness.

Question 17

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What is memory?

Answer 17

The ability of people to encode, store, and retrieve information.

Question 18

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What are the three components of memory?

Answer 18

Sensory, short-term, and long-term.

Question 19

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Describe sensory memory.

Answer 19

Sensory memory receives stimuli from the environment and processes that information based on importance.

Question 20

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Describe short-term memory.

Answer 20

Short-term memory stores and sorts information based on a person’s priorities. The information is either saved or discarded.

Question 21

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Describe long-term memory.

Answer 21

Long-term memory is where meaningful or significant information is permanently stored.

Question 22

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Describe forgetting.

Answer 22

Forgetting is a loss of memory or the inability to recall the information from memory.

Question 23

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What are four types of forgetting?

Answer 23

Retrieval failure, fading, interference, and repression/suppression.

Question 24

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Describe retrieval failure.

Answer 24

The inability to retrieve information from long-term memory. This is the “tip of the tongue” experience.

Question 25

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Describe fading.

Answer 25

When information decays from disuse and eventually fades away.

Question 26

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Describe Interference.

Answer 26

When an old memory is replaced or overshadowed by a new memory.

Question 27

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Describe repression/suppression.

Answer 27

When an uncomfortable memory is pushed out of reach. Repression is conscious and suppression is subconscious.

Question 28

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What are six things that can help with retention of learning?

Answer 28

Praise, association, favorable attitudes, learning with all senses, meaningful repetition, and mnemonics.

Question 29

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What is transfer of learning?

Answer 29

The ability to apply knowledge learned in one context to new contexts.

Question 30

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Describe positive transfer of learning.

Answer 30

When a skill that a student already possesses helps them learn a new skill.

Question 31

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Describe negative transfer of learning.

Answer 31

When a skill that a student already possesses hinders them learning a new skill.