Effective Communication - ATP Flight School Flashcards
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What is communication?
When one person transmits feelings or ideas to another person or group of people.
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What are the basic elements of communication?
Source, symbol, and receiver
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What is a source?
The sender of an idea or feeling: speaker, writer, instructor, musician, filmmaker, etc.
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What is a symbol?
An oral or visual cue: spoken word, written word, facial gesture, body language, lyric, etc.
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What is a receiver?
The recipient of an idea: listener, reader, student, audience, etc.
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Describe the communication cycle.
The source sends a symbol to the receiver to communicate an idea. The receiver interprets the symbol and sends a symbol back to the sender to verify accurate interpretation. This is called feedback. This cycle continues until the sender and the receiver have an equal understanding of the idea.
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What is a barrier to effective communication?
A misunderstanding between the sender and receiver.
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What are the primary barriers to effective communication?
Lack of common experience, confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object, overuse of abstractions, and interference.
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Describe lack of common experience.
When two people with different life experiences do not share a common vocabulary. People assign meaning based on past experience, so a word can mean different things to the speaker vs. the listener.
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Describe confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object.
Failure to distinguish between a word and what it represents, and to choose words accordingly. Leads the speaker to use words the student can assign the wrong meaning to.
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Describe overuse of abstractions.
Abstractions are general words standing for ideas that cannot be directly experienced. They do not call forth specific mental images. If they are not linked to specific experiences through examples or illustrations, the student can assign the wrong meaning to them.
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Describe interference.
Interference prevents clear communication from taking place because of external factors that include physiological, environmental, and psychological interference.
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Describe physiological interference.
Biological problems that inhibit symbol reception, such as hearing loss, poor vision, motion sickness, etc.
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Describe environmental interference.
Something about the location where the communication is taking place is distracting, such as the high noise level in a cockpit.
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Describe psychological interference.
Lack of commitment (by the instructor or the student) to the communication process. For example, a student who doesn’t trust their instructor’s credibility may not try to engage in communication.
