The Learning Approach: Social Learning Theory Flashcards
Who supported the behavourist on learning by direct experiment?
- Bandura
- Skinner
- Pavlov
- Watson
Who argued that behaviour is learnt by direct and indirect experiences?
Bandura
What are the four stages of Social Learning Theory (Mediational Processes)?
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation
What happens during motivation?
-Individual must expect to receive the same positive reinforcement for imitating the observed behaviour seen
What happens during attention?
-Individuals need to pay attention to behaviour and its consequences
What happens during retention?
The individual stores the observed behaviour in memory
What happens during reproduction?
-Individual must be able to reproduce the observed behaviour
Who carried out the Bobo doll experiment?
Bandura
When did the Bobo doll experiment?
1961
What was the sample of the Bobo doll experiement?
36 boys/36 girls aged between 3 to 6 years old
What was the conditions of the Bobo doll experiment?
- Aggressive model shown to 24 children:
- Non-aggressive model shown to 24 children
- No model shown (control condition) - 24 children
What were the procedures of the Bobo doll experiment?
- Children, after watching the video, taken to a room with aggressive and non-aggressive toys
- Behaviour observed through a one-way mirror
Results of the Bobo doll experiments?
- Children who has an aggressive model tend to use more aggressive tos
- Boys imitated more physically aggressive than girls
- Boys more likely to imitate same-sex models than girls
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Children observe other people’s behaviour and take note of its consequences
What effect does identification have on behaviour?
Children more likely to imitate the behaviour of whom they identify
Why are role models important?
More likely to imitate due to be similar to the observer
What are strengths of social learning theory?
- Gives an adequate account of learning on their own (unlike behaviourism) = importance of cognitive factors
- Account for cultural differences
- Less deterministic than the behaviourist approach
What are the weaknesses of the social learning theory?
- Heavy on lab experiments, artificial stimulus, low ecological validity, lack of generalisablity
- Underestimates biological factors such as boys tend to more aggressive than girls, may be due to higher testosterone levels
