(A-Level Only) Humanistic Approach Flashcards
Where did the humanistic approach develop in?
America
When did the humanistic approach develop?
Early 1950s
What was the humanistic approach seen as?
The Third Force
Why was the humanistic approach called the ‘third force’?
Aimed to replace behaviourism and psychoanalysis
What does the humanistic approach concern itself with?
Human experience, uniqueness, meaning, freedom and choice
What is free will?
This is the notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces
Why is the humanistic approach different to the rest?
- Claims that humans beings are self-determining
- May be affected by external or internal influence but humans act as active agents and can decide our own development
What did Maslow believe?
Humans are motivated by needs beyond those of basic biological survival
What did Maslow believe was the fundamental to human nature?
Desire to grow and develop to achieve our full potential - self actualisation
What did Maslow create?
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
What does Maslow’s hierarchy if needs ranges from?
basic needs to higher level psychological and actualisation needs
What must happen before achieving self actualisation?
All of the four levels of the hierarchy must be met
What are the five orders of the hierarchy in order of bottom to top?
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love/Belonging
- Esteem
- Self-actualisation
Who believe that individuals strive to achieve ideal selves because they are motivated towards self-improvement?
Carl Rogers
What are the assumptions of the humanistic approach?
- Basic need to feel nurtured and valued
- If able to without conditions, people will a healthy sense of self-worth
- Children who reciece negative regard, develop low self-esteem
- Blame behaviour not child
What is congruence?
A state in which a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar
The greater the gap between the ideal self and the actual self,…
the greater the incongruence
What can incongruece lead to?
Low self-worth and maladjustment
What can the defence mechanism cause to the development of self from growing and changing?
Prevents the growth and widens the gap between ideal self and true self
What was done to reduce the gap between the self-concept and the ideal self?
Rogers developed client-centered therapy (CCT).
What is the conditions of worth?
A parent who sets boundaries or limits on their love for their child is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future
According to the humanistic approach should a person be studied idiographically or nonmothetically?
Idiographically
What are the strengths of the humanistic approach?
- Emphasises on free will
- Considers subjective conscious experiences
- Allowed psychologist to explore human existence with more sensitivity than the more scientific methods
- Influence counselling techniques
What disorders can the humanistic approach be applied to?
- Depression
- Aggression
Who developed the Q-Sort assessment?
Stephenson
When was the Q-Sort assessment developed?
1953
Who adopted the Q-Sort assessment?
Roger
Why did Roger adopt the Q-Sort assessment?
For the Client Centered Therapy
What is the Q-Sort assessment?
- Series of cards, each containing a personal statement
- Cards ordered into two categorises: real self/ideal self
What does the Q-Sort measure?
Person’s congruence or incongruence
What are the limitations of the humanistic approach?
- Less of an impact on mainstream psychology
- Lack of empirical evidence (qualitative techniques)
- Untestable concept
- Not all cultures share the assumption that individual achievement brings fulfilment (Collectivist)
- Cannot formulate general laws of behaviour
