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AQA Psychology - Approaches > (A-Level Only) Humanistic Approach > Flashcards

(A-Level Only) Humanistic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the humanistic approach develop in?

A

America

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2
Q

When did the humanistic approach develop?

A

Early 1950s

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3
Q

What was the humanistic approach seen as?

A

The Third Force

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4
Q

Why was the humanistic approach called the ‘third force’?

A

Aimed to replace behaviourism and psychoanalysis

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5
Q

What does the humanistic approach concern itself with?

A

Human experience, uniqueness, meaning, freedom and choice

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6
Q

What is free will?

A

This is the notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces

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7
Q

Why is the humanistic approach different to the rest?

A
  • Claims that humans beings are self-determining

- May be affected by external or internal influence but humans act as active agents and can decide our own development

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8
Q

What did Maslow believe?

A

Humans are motivated by needs beyond those of basic biological survival

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9
Q

What did Maslow believe was the fundamental to human nature?

A

Desire to grow and develop to achieve our full potential - self actualisation

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10
Q

What did Maslow create?

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

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11
Q

What does Maslow’s hierarchy if needs ranges from?

A

basic needs to higher level psychological and actualisation needs

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12
Q

What must happen before achieving self actualisation?

A

All of the four levels of the hierarchy must be met

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13
Q

What are the five orders of the hierarchy in order of bottom to top?

A
  • Physiological
  • Safety
  • Love/Belonging
  • Esteem
  • Self-actualisation
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14
Q

Who believe that individuals strive to achieve ideal selves because they are motivated towards self-improvement?

A

Carl Rogers

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15
Q

What are the assumptions of the humanistic approach?

A
  • Basic need to feel nurtured and valued
  • If able to without conditions, people will a healthy sense of self-worth
  • Children who reciece negative regard, develop low self-esteem
  • Blame behaviour not child
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16
Q

What is congruence?

A

A state in which a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar

17
Q

The greater the gap between the ideal self and the actual self,…

A

the greater the incongruence

18
Q

What can incongruece lead to?

A

Low self-worth and maladjustment

19
Q

What can the defence mechanism cause to the development of self from growing and changing?

A

Prevents the growth and widens the gap between ideal self and true self

20
Q

What was done to reduce the gap between the self-concept and the ideal self?

A

Rogers developed client-centered therapy (CCT).

21
Q

What is the conditions of worth?

A

A parent who sets boundaries or limits on their love for their child is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future

22
Q

According to the humanistic approach should a person be studied idiographically or nonmothetically?

A

Idiographically

23
Q

What are the strengths of the humanistic approach?

A
  • Emphasises on free will
  • Considers subjective conscious experiences
  • Allowed psychologist to explore human existence with more sensitivity than the more scientific methods
  • Influence counselling techniques
24
Q

What disorders can the humanistic approach be applied to?

A
  • Depression

- Aggression

25
Q

Who developed the Q-Sort assessment?

A

Stephenson

26
Q

When was the Q-Sort assessment developed?

A

1953

27
Q

Who adopted the Q-Sort assessment?

A

Roger

28
Q

Why did Roger adopt the Q-Sort assessment?

A

For the Client Centered Therapy

29
Q

What is the Q-Sort assessment?

A
  • Series of cards, each containing a personal statement

- Cards ordered into two categorises: real self/ideal self

30
Q

What does the Q-Sort measure?

A

Person’s congruence or incongruence

31
Q

What are the limitations of the humanistic approach?

A
  • Less of an impact on mainstream psychology
  • Lack of empirical evidence (qualitative techniques)
  • Untestable concept
  • Not all cultures share the assumption that individual achievement brings fulfilment (Collectivist)
  • Cannot formulate general laws of behaviour

AQA Psychology - Approaches (8 decks)

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