(A-Level Only) The Psychodyamic Approach

Question 1

Which approach was one of the earliest approach in psychology?

Answer 1

Psychodynamic Approach

Question 2

When did the psychodynamic approach originating?

Answer 2

19th century

Question 3

Who is the main figure in the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 3

Freud

Question 4

What was Freud trained as?

Answer 4

Neurologist

Question 5

What are the key assumptions of psychodynamic approach?

Answer 5

• Unconscious processes, of which we are unaware, determine our behaviour
• Personality has three parts: the id, ego and superego
• Early childhood experiences determine adult personality – psychosexual stages of development

Question 6

What does the unconscious mind to to our behaviour?

Answer 6

Influences our behaviour

Question 7

The conscious mind is unaware of what thoughts and emotions occur in…

Answer 7

the unconscious

Question 8

Can the unconscious thoughts and feeling effect out conscious mind?

Answer 8

Yes according to the psychodynamic approach

Question 9

What is psychic determinism?

Answer 9

Unconscious forces and drives are inborn and control or determine behaviour

Question 10

What is the conscious?

Answer 10

The small amount of mental activity we

know about. (e.g. thoughts, perceptions)

Question 11

What is the preconscious?

Answer 11

Things we could be aware of if we
wanted or tried. E.g. memories, stored knowledge. These sometimes come out in dreams or ‘slips of the tongue’ (parapraxes).

Question 12

What is the unconscious?

Answer 12

The part of our mind that we are unaware of but which continues to direct much of our behaviour (e.g. instincts, deeply buried memories).

Question 13

What metaphor did Freud use?

Answer 13

Metaphor of the iceberg to describe the mind – the tip of the iceberg is visible (conscious) but the much larger part is hidden under the surface (unconscious)

Question 14

What did Freud describe the personality

which composed of three parts?

Answer 14

Tripartite

Question 15

Where does the behaviour seen to be the result of a compromise between?

Answer 15

The three parts of the psyche

Question 16

What does the psyche mean?

Answer 16

Personality

Question 17

What is the Id?

Answer 17

• made up of selfish aggressive instincts that demand immediate gratification.
• unconscious part of the mind
• Operates according to the ‘pleasure principle’
• Present at birth

Question 18

What is the superego?

Answer 18

-Conscience and ego ideal
-Moral restriction
-Battles against Id impulse
-Identification with same-sex parents
Punishes the ego with guilt when wrongdoing

Question 19

When does the Id develop?

Answer 19

From Birth

Question 20

When does the super ego develop?

Answer 20

Age 5

Question 21

When does the ego develop?

Answer 21

Age 2

Question 22

What is the ego?

Answer 22

• ‘Reality principle’
• Mediator of Id and Superego
• Cognitive abilities to manage and control Id and balance desires against the restrictions of reality and superego
• Defence mechanism from id-superego

Question 23

What are the defence mechanisms?

Answer 23

• Repression
• Denial
• Displacement

Question 24

What is repression?

Answer 24

Forcing a distressing or threatening memory out of your conscious

Question 25

An example of repression?

Answer 25

Individual forgetting the trauma of their favourite pet dying

Question 26

What is denial?

Answer 26

Failing or refusing to acknowledge some aspects of reality

Question 27

An example of denial?

Answer 27

Continuing to turn up to work even though you have been fired

Question 28

What is displacement?

Answer 28

Transferring feeling from the true object of anxiety onto a substitute target/object

Question 29

An example of displacement?

Answer 29

Slamming the door after a row with your girlfriend

Question 30

Childhood events have a great influence on out.....

Answer 30

adult lives

Question 31

Events that occur in childhood remain in our...

Answer 31

Unconscience

Question 32

Who proposed that all children go through the same five stages of development?

Answer 32

Freud

Question 33

What are the five stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 33

- Oral - Anal - Phallic - Latent - Genital

Question 34

What stage of the psychosexual development occur at 0-1 years of age?

Answer 34

Oral

Question 35

What stage of the psychosexual development occur at 1-3 years of age?

Answer 35

Anal

Question 36

What stage of the psychosexual development occur at 3-5 years of age?

Answer 36

Phallic

Question 37

What stage of the psychosexual development occur at 6-11 years of age?

Answer 37

Latent

Question 38

What stage of the psychosexual development occur at 12+ years of age?

Answer 38

Genital

Question 39

What occurs at the oral stage of the psychosexual development?

Answer 39

- Mouth = main pleasure | - Child enjoys tasting/sucking

Question 40

What happens if oral stage successfully completed?

Answer 40

Weaning - eating independently

Question 41

What happens if oral stage is incomplete?

Answer 41

Oral fixation - sarcastic, critical, bite nails

Question 42

What occurs at the anal stage of the psychosexual development?

Answer 42

- Anus = pleasure | - Child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces

Question 43

What happens if anal stage is successfully completed?

Answer 43

potty training

Question 44

What causes unresolved conflict during the oral stage?

Answer 44

Under or over fed

Question 45

What causes unresolved conflict during the anal stage?

Answer 45

Too strict or too lax potty

Question 46

What happens if anal stage is incomplete?

Answer 46

- Anally retentive - very tidy, stubborn, likes orders | - Anally expulsive - Thoughtless, messy

Question 47

What occurs at the phallic stage of the psychosexual development?

Answer 47

- Genitals = pleasure - Oedipus complex - Electra complex

Question 48

What happens if phallic stage successfully completed?

Answer 48

- Boys identifies with father | - Girl identifies with mother

Question 49

What causes unresolved conflict during the phallic stage?

Answer 49

Not identifying with the opposite parent

Question 50

What happens if phallic stage is incomplete?

Answer 50

Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless, possible homosexual

Question 51

What occurs at the latency stage of the psychosexual development?

Answer 51

- earlier conflict are repressed - Sexual urges sublimated into sports - Developing same-sex friendships

Question 52

What happens if latency stage is incomplete?

Answer 52

Nothing

Question 53

What occurs at the gentital stage of the psychosexual development?

Answer 53

- Puberty into adulthood - Focus (less than phallic stage) on genitals - Sexual desires become conscious - Develop healthy adult relationships

Question 54

What must be completed in order for succession of the genital stage to be complete?

Answer 54

Earlier stages

Question 55

What happens if unable to complete genital stage?

Answer 55

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 56

How to remember the psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 56

``` Old = Oral Age = Anal Pensioners = Phallic Love = Latent Guinness = Genital ```

Question 57

What was the case study Freud focused on to develop is theory of psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 57

Little Hans

Question 58

What was little Hans suffering from?

Answer 58

Phobia of horses and range of other symptoms

Question 59

How many times did freud actually have direct contact with little Hans?

Answer 59

No more than twice

Question 60

Who gave Freud the information of Little Hans to analyse?

Answer 60

Little Hans father

Question 61

Who did the horse in Little Hans phobia represent?

Answer 61

His father

Question 62

What are the strengths of psychodynamic approach?

Answer 62

- Practical applications (counselling, psychotherapy, psychiatry) - Idea of the motivated unconscious has had a huge impact on Western thought - Treats who person - Little Hans

Question 63

What are the limitations of psychodynamic approach?

Answer 63

- Non-falsifiable - Case study is unrepresentative = lacks generalisability - Freud being sexist - Psychic deterministic