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A level history: Cold War > The Korean War -> Actions and attitudes of the UN, USA, USSR and China > Flashcards

The Korean War -> Actions and attitudes of the UN, USA, USSR and China Flashcards

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1
Q

what explains why America goes into the Korean War so heavily?

A

Acheson’s Defensive Perimeter strategy with omitted Korea

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2
Q

What effect did the Korean War have on NSC-68?

A

Congress initially not willing to support NSC-68 as it meant trebling the defence budget
- the Korean War pushes for it to be pushed as it makes them realise passive containment wasn’t working

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3
Q

What were the USSR’s attitudes towards Korean War in 1949?

A
  • March 1949 - Kim Il Sung turns to Stalin for support
  • Stalin rejected Sung’s pleas
  • Stalin aware 7500 US still in South Korea
  • Reiterated his support
  • Suggested to strengthen guerilla forces in South to undermine Rhee’s gov.
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4
Q

How did Stalin’s position change by Feb 1950?

A
  • Stalin agreed to provide North Korea military aid
  • 1600 pieces of artillery - large-calibre guns used in warfare on land
    178 military aircraft
  • 258 T-34 tanks
  • Not prepared to provide Soviet troops
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5
Q

What factors influenced Stalin’s limits and changes in position by 1950?

A
  • USA didn’t include South Korea in Defensive Perimeter Strategy
  • US & War in Korea
  • War could bring USA in
    US-Soviet conflict could spread into Europe
    Global conflict
  • USSR had nuclear technology by 1950
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6
Q

how did the idea of a United Korean Communist state influence Stalin’s limits and changes in position by 1950?

A
  • united Korean communist state as an ally of the USSR
  • Strengthen Soviet borders
  • Pressure Japan
  • Economic opportunities for USSR
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7
Q

why did Stalin not want to stall?

A
  • Sung could turn to China for support
  • Undermine Soviet influence in Korea and Asia
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8
Q

When did Stalin show that he was unwilling to send Soviet troops to Korea?

A
  • April 1950 - Stalin says to Sung he will not commit Soviet forces if North Korea faced conflict with USA
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9
Q

why was Stalin unwilling to send Soviet troops to Korea?

A
  • Indirect military support is best option for USSR
  • Stalin not prepared to have direct military confrontation with USA
  • Partly due to US’ superiority in nuclear technology
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10
Q

What were China’s attitudes toward the Korean War in 1949?

A
  • The Korean War was of little importance to Mao
  • China did not intervene or offer support when North Korea invaded the South
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11
Q

What were Mao’s main priorities in 1949?

A
  • To consolidate communist control in China
  • To consolidate Chinese territory by regaining Taiwan from the nationalists
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12
Q

Why did Mao initially not offer support to North Korea?

A
  • Mao was not eager for China to be a prominent force in the global struggle between communism and capitalist Western imperialism
  • Mao was focused on China’s more immediate geostrategic priorities - Taiwan
  • Mao was determined to avoid any action that could provoke the USA
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13
Q

What changed Mao’s mind about supporting North Korea?

A

In June 1950, Truman ordered the US 7th Fleet to defend Taiwan by positioning itself between China and Taiwan
- Following NK invasion of SK

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14
Q

What did Mao feel pressured to support and why?

A
  • China had to be seen supporting the communist world against capitalist imperialism
  • Pressure from Stalin
  • Protect China’s reputation in communist world
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15
Q

what happened in late September 1950?

A

By late September 1950, UN forces were near the Yalu River forcing Chinese to unwillingly enter the war by proximity of US forces

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16
Q

When did China start supporting North Korea?

A

From 18 October 1950, Mao sent Chinese forces from the People’s Volunteer Army (PVA) to North Korea
- Mao presents entering the war as ending the century of humiliation by fighting

17
Q

What were the US’ attitudes towards the struggle between North and South Korea prior to the Korean War?

A
  • Struggle between North and South Korea was of secondary importance
18
Q

what was the greatest threat to the US prior to the Korean War?

A
  • Greatest threat was USSR, not North Korea
  • Focus was on Europe, not Asia
19
Q

where was the USA’s national security priority until 1949?

A
  • Until 1949, the USA’s national security priority in Asia was Japan
  • USA needed to strengthen its national security by protecting Japan and reviving its economy
20
Q

What changed the US’ view towards the importance of North and South Korea?

A
  • On 25 June 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Korea
  • Invasion fundamentally re-orientated US policy towards Korea
21
Q

What did the US secretary of state believe was North Korea’s purpose?

A

Dean G Acheson, US Secretary of State - May 1951
- Believed North Korea’s purpose was to destabilise Japan, Southeast Asia and the Philippines, and to influence the position in Europe

22
Q

what did the US Secretary of State believe would be the consequences of North Korea’s invasion?

A
  • Believed these areas in the Far East would become unsettled if North Korean invasion is successful
  • Stability established in Europe may become weakened through a communist victory
23
Q

When did Truman deliver a speech to Congress showing his reaction to the invasion?

A

27 June 1950

24
Q

How did Truman react to the invasion of South Korea?

A
  • ‘Communism has now passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations, and will now use armed invasion and war.’
  • ‘It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security.’
25
Q

What action did the US take upon the invasion of South Korea?

A
  • USA requested a special session of the Security Council (part of UN)
  • Council agreed to send UN forces to fight North Korea
  • Truman ordered US 7th Fleet to protect Taiwan (Formosa) from attack
26
Q

Why did the USSR not veto the Security Council decision?

A
  • After Chinese Civil War, Jiang Jieshi still held the Chinese seat in the Security Council
  • In protest, the USSR boycotted the Security Council
  • therefore, a resolution requiring an immediate ceasefire was passed without opposition
27
Q

What did support from the UN represent for the US?

A
  • Intervention under the guise of UN action removed responsibility from the USA
  • enabled the US to ensure an international response was coordinated to achieve the ends it wanted
  • the protection of S.K was the end the US sought and it believed the UN could deliver this

A level history: Cold War (26 decks)

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