The Knee Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Patellar reflex tests ___ nerve root, achilles tendon is ___
L4, S1
Sunrise view x ray
Knee x ray view that should be very frequently done as it is the only x ray that can see the patellofemoral joint
Tunnel notch x ray
Allows for view of femoral tunnel at the patella to assess for avulsion or fracture, cannot assess ACL or PCL integrity
Gradual onset of swelling around knee after falling indicates ___ type injury, while immediate is more likely___
meniscal tear, ACL
Meniscal tears signs and symptoms (3)
- pain usually well localized
- pain with full flexion (inability to duck walk)
- may have knee locking (inability to fully extend knee)
Best special test to evaluate meniscal tear
Mcmuray’s test
Meniscal tear treatment options (3)
- compression, dressing, ice, elevation, crutches, ROM therapy
- aspirate if tense painful effusion only
- remove, debride, repair meniscus
Aspiration of fluid from knee joint analysis (3)***
- mostly blood indicative of ACL tear
- clear yellowish fluid without fat cells or significant blood is meniscal tear
- blood and globules of fat is intra-articular fracture of the bone
Baker’s (popliteal) cyst definition and management***
Normal variant enlargement of semimembranous bursae in medial popliteal space, may be found incidentally, may cause pain/paresthesias if nerve impingement if very inflamed and large, typically imaged on ultrasound or MRI, does NOT need to be excised often unless significantly problematic, often erroneously referred to ortho, can consider aspiration, rarely removed, may recur, treat any underlying cause
MCL injury
- due to valgus stress applied to weight bearing knee
- more common than LCL injury, association with other tears
- unable to bear weight
MCL diagnostic studies (2)
- plain films to rule out derangement or growth plate injury
- MRI
MCL treatment options (2)
- knee immobilization, crutches, progress to ROM
- surgical repair results same as non-op
LCL injury
- less common
- caused by varus stress on weight bearing knee
LCL treatment options (2)
- sprain ROM brace and progress to ROM, crutches
- tears need surgical treatment
ACL tear signs and symptoms (3)
- often audible pop after noncontact injury
- immediate effusion/hemearthrosis
- may be able to ambulate