Anatomy and PE of the Lower Extremities Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Labrum
Thick cartilagenous ring inside the hip joint attached specifically to the socket where the head of the femur will sit in
Age dependent pathologies in the hip assessment (infants, boys 3-12, elderly females)
Infants - congenital dysplasia
Boys 3-12 - legg calve perthes
Elderly females - femoral neck fx
Trendelenberg gait is characteristic of what muscle weakness?
Gluteus medius
What does patrick’s faber test test for?
SI joint dysfunction
Trendelenberg sign
Have patient stand on one leg, will see the hip opposite the leg stationary on the ground drop despite leg being held in air if positive indicative of gluteus medius weakness
Thomas test
Test for hip flexor muscle contracture by having patient bring one knee to chest and hold it, if other thigh begins to raise off table then indicative of hip flexor contracture, or if opposite knee extends rectus femoris contracture
90-90 contracture test
Test for hamstring tightness/contracture, patient supine, knees bent, flex hip to 90 degrees then extend knee, should be able to extend leg out to 90 degrees or 70ish in males
Hip scouring test
Test for labral tear, compress at patella toward the acetabolum then rotate internally and externally the hip and grind it to listen for clicks or pops or pain
Noble compression test
Detects IT band syndrome, while patient is on side apply pressure to distal IT band while patient flexes/extends knee
Ortolani’s and Barlow’s test
Pediatric test involving flexing and externally rotating hips and listening for click with subsequent increase in abduction ROM, bilaterally in ortolani’s and unilateral in barlow
Congenital hip dysplasia
Abnormal formation of hip joint either unilateral or bilateral where femoral head is not stable in the acetabulum, breech births and females highest risk!!!
Leg calf perthes disease
Avascular necrosis seen most often in 3-12 year olds boys with insidious onset of intermittent pain, limping gait, anterior groin pain and anterior thigh pain
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate of the head of the femur slips inferior and posterior before it fuses, most common in boys between 10-15, see limping gait, pain can be referred to the knee, limited internal rotation especially when hip is flexed and abducted, and toe out gait, associated with childhood obesity
Piriformis syndrome
Appears to mimick a disc herniation problem as the sciatic nerve can travel thru the deep hip muscle of the piriformis and if hypertrophied due to extended periods of sitting can experience pain located deep in the buttocks that sometimes radiates down the leg (sciatica)
MCL is typically injured by a ___ directed force, LCL by ___
valgus, varus
