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Orthopedics > Anatomy and PE of the Spine Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Anatomy and PE of the Spine Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Majority of rotation of the head occurs at the ___ junction

A

Atlanto-Axial joint (C1-C2) held in place by the transvere ligament but can be loose or lax in individuals with trisomy 21 (not the cervical vertebrae)

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2
Q

Sneeze, laugh, cough causing pain in cervical spine assessment indicates….

A

….disc problem

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3
Q

__side shoulder level tends to be lower

A

Dominant

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4
Q

Acute torticollis

A

Facet dysfunction, inability to move head from one side to another, limitation in rotation and side bending

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5
Q

Neurologic reflex exams and what myotomes do they assess?

A 
C5 and 6 - biceps
c6 and 7 - Brachioradiais
C7 - triceps
L3-4 - patellar
L4-5 - posterjior tibial
L5-S1 - medial hamdstrings
S1-2 - lateral hamstrings and achillles
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6
Q

Assessment of posture

A

Ear hole should be in line with acromion process

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7
Q

Cervical flexion corresponding myotomes

A

C1 and C2

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8
Q

Lateral cervical flexion corresponding myotome

A

C3

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9
Q

Scapular elevation corresponding myotome

A

C4

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10
Q

Shoulder abduction corresponding myotome

A

C5

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11
Q

Elbow flexion and wrist extension corresponding myotome

A

C6

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12
Q

Elbow extension and wrist flexion corresponding myotome

A

C7

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13
Q

Thumb extension corresponding myotome

A

C8

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14
Q

Abduction/adduction of fingers corresponding myotome

A

T1

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15
Q

Top of head corresponding dermatome

A

C1 and C2

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16
Q

Neck corresponding dermatome

A

C3

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17
Q

Top of shoulder corresponding dermatome

A

C4

18
Q

Deltoid region corresponding derrmatome

A

C5

19
Q

Lateral wrist corresponding dermatome

A

C6

20
Q

Posterior digit 2-4 corresponding dermatome

A

C7

21
Q

Medial hand corresponding dermatome

A

C8

22
Q

Medial forearm corresponding dermatome

A

T1

23
Q

Vertebral artery test

A

Lay supsect patient (dizzy, nystagmus, etc) supine, extend cervical spine, laterally flexing and rotate spine to close off vertebral artery on corresponding side looking for nystagmus or nausea

24
Q

Spurlings (foraminal compression test)

A

Gently compress C spine from top of head and try to elicit radiation of pain in suspected disc herniation patient, follow up with lifting mastoid process to see symptoms alleviate (distraction)

25
Q

3 most common lumbar spine spondylopathies

A

Spondylosis - disc degeneration
Spondylolysis - stress fracture in defect in pars interarticularis
Spondylolisthesis - forward displacemenet of one vertebrae on another

26
Q

Disc prolapse vs extrusion

A

Prolapse sees nucleus pulposis herniating into annulus fibrosis, extrusion is full rupture into the external space of the nucleus pulposis (more severe, see foot drop and muscle atrophy)

27
Q

Hip flexion corresponding myotome

A

L2

28
Q

Kknee extension correpsonding myotome

A

L3

29
Q

Anlke dorsiflexion corresponding motome

A

L4

30
Q

Great toe extension corresponding myotome

A

L5

31
Q

Ankle plantar flexion and eversion corresponding myotome

A

S1

32
Q

Knee flexion corresponding myotome

A

S2

33
Q

Proximal anterior thigh corresponding dermatome

A

L2

34
Q

Distal anterior thigh corresponding dermatome

A

L3

35
Q

Medial ankle/foot corresponding dermatome

A

L4

36
Q

Lateral leg/mid anterior foot corresponding dermatome

A

L5

37
Q

Lateral plantar foot corresponding dermatome

A

S1

38
Q

Posterior thigh corresponding dermatome

A

S2

39
Q

Straight leg raise (lasegue’s) test

A

Supine with hip medially rotated and knee extended, flex hip, positive is reproduction of symptoms indicating nerve compression/tension, can modify by stretching spine further by having them put chin to chest

40
Q

Slump test

A

A way to test for fake back pain that is same as straight leg raise but sitting upright, should cause symptoms same as straight leg raise

41
Q

Stork test

A

A way to test for spondylolysis, have take a single leg stance extend lumbar spine, positive test is reproduction of symptoms (sharp localized L spine pain)

42
Q

Hoover test

A

A way to test for fake or “conversion” disorder that asks patient to do a straight leg raise in supine while feeling for downward pressure under opposite heel if genuinely trying to raise leg but cannot vs if exaggerating symptoms

Orthopedics (25 decks)

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