THE KNEE JOINT Flashcards
Describe the CAPSULE of the KNEE JOINT?
FEMORAL ASPECT:
-Proximal Femoral Condyles
-Patella Retinaculum
-Femur Proximal to the groove for Popliteus Tendon
TIBIAL ASPECT:
-Tibial Condyles
-Head of Fibula Laterally
How many layers form the KNEE CAPSULE?
2 LAYERS
-Outer Fibrous Layer
-Inner Synovial Layer- secretes synovial fluid
What is the Patellar Retinaculum?
Consists of MEDIAL and LATERAL Patellar Retinaculum
Act to stabilise the Patella, preventing dislocation
Which Bursa in the Knee joint communicates directly with the knee joint?
Suprapatellar Bursa
Patellar Retinaculum
What muscle perforates the knee capsule posteriolaterally?
Popliteus
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?
PROXIMAL- Posteriorsuperior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle (below the Adductor tubercle)
DISTAL- Medial Condyle of the Tibia, close to the insertion of SEMIMEMBRANOSUS TENDON
What Structure within the knee is the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT attached to?
MEDIAL MENISCUS
MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
How do you TEST the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
VALGUS STRESS TEST
(LATERAL)
What are the Attachments of the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?
PROXIMAL- Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
DISTAL- Head of the Fibula
What are the Attachments of the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?
PROXIMAL- Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
DISTAL- Head of the Fibula
LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
How do you TEST the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?
VARUS STRESS TEST
(MEDIAL)
What are the Attachments of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?
PROXIMAL- Lateral Condyle of Femur
DISTAL- Posterior Surface of the Tibia proximal to the soleal line
POPLITEUS MUSCLE
SOLEAL LINE- TIBIA
What is the FUNCTION of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?
NON- WEIGHT BEARING: INTERNALLY ROTATES THE TIBIA when bending the Knee
WEIGHT BEARING: Laterally rotates the femur on the Tibia
What structure is the Popliteus attached to?
Attached to the Lateral Meniscus.
Pulls the Meniscus posteriorly to avoid it being crushed
What is the BLOOD SUPPLY of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?
Popliteal Artery
What NERVE innervates the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?
Tibial Nerve
What are the ATTACHMENTS of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
PROXIMAL- Lateral Intercondylar Ridge of the Femur (Lateral Condyle of Femur)
DISTAL- anteriomedial aspect of the intercondylar area of the Tibial Plateau
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
What is the FUNCTION of the ACL?
Resists anterior shift of the tibia on the femur.
The ACL becomes taut when the knee is extended
What clinical test is used to assess the ACL?
LACHMANN TEST
ANTERIOR DRAW TEST
What Structure in the TIBIA is the ACL also attached to?
Medial Meniscus
What are the Attachments of the POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT?
PROXIMAL- Anterolateral aspect of the MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE
DISTAL- Posterior Lateral intercondylar surface of the Tibial Plateau
POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
What is the FUNCTION of the PCL?
Prevents posterior displacement of the Tibia on the Femur
The PCL is Tight in FLEXION
What clinical tests are used to assess the PCL?
Posterior Draw Test
POSTERIOR SAG SIGN
POSTERIOR SAG SIGN/ GODFREY SIGN
Which artery supplies both CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS?
MIDDLE GENICULAR ARTERY
Where does the Middle Genicular Artery come from?
Branch of the POPLITEAL ARTERY
Which Meniscus in the knee is larger?
MEDIAL MENISCUS is LARGER and More CRESCENT SHAPED compared to the LATERAL MENISCUS
What is the FUNCTION of the Meniscus?
- Increase Knee Stability
-Act as SHOCK ABSORBERS
What attaches the Meniscus to the Tibia?
CORONONARY LIGAMENTS
What structure is attached to the Medial Meniscus?
MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
What is the Blood Supply of the Meniscus?
-POOR Blood supply
-Most of the Blood supply is to the outer zone of the meniscus via the Medial, Lateral and Middle Genicular Arteries
