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Lower Limb Anatomy > THE KNEE JOINT > Flashcards

THE KNEE JOINT Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the CAPSULE of the KNEE JOINT?

A

FEMORAL ASPECT:
-Proximal Femoral Condyles
-Patella Retinaculum
-Femur Proximal to the groove for Popliteus Tendon

TIBIAL ASPECT:
-Tibial Condyles
-Head of Fibula Laterally

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2
Q

How many layers form the KNEE CAPSULE?

A

2 LAYERS
-Outer Fibrous Layer
-Inner Synovial Layer- secretes synovial fluid

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3
Q

What is the Patellar Retinaculum?

A

Consists of MEDIAL and LATERAL Patellar Retinaculum

Act to stabilise the Patella, preventing dislocation

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4
Q

Which Bursa in the Knee joint communicates directly with the knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar Bursa

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5
Q

Patellar Retinaculum

A
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6
Q

What muscle perforates the knee capsule posteriolaterally?

A

Popliteus

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7
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

A

PROXIMAL- Posteriorsuperior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle (below the Adductor tubercle)

DISTAL- Medial Condyle of the Tibia, close to the insertion of SEMIMEMBRANOSUS TENDON

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8
Q

What Structure within the knee is the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT attached to?

A

MEDIAL MENISCUS

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9
Q

MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

A
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10
Q

How do you TEST the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

A

VALGUS STRESS TEST
(LATERAL)

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11
Q

What are the Attachments of the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

A

PROXIMAL- Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
DISTAL- Head of the Fibula

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11
Q

What are the Attachments of the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

A

PROXIMAL- Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
DISTAL- Head of the Fibula

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12
Q

LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

A
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13
Q

How do you TEST the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

A

VARUS STRESS TEST
(MEDIAL)

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14
Q

What are the Attachments of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

A

PROXIMAL- Lateral Condyle of Femur
DISTAL- Posterior Surface of the Tibia proximal to the soleal line

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15
Q

POPLITEUS MUSCLE

A
16
Q

SOLEAL LINE- TIBIA

A
17
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

A

NON- WEIGHT BEARING: INTERNALLY ROTATES THE TIBIA when bending the Knee

WEIGHT BEARING: Laterally rotates the femur on the Tibia

18
Q

What structure is the Popliteus attached to?

A

Attached to the Lateral Meniscus.
Pulls the Meniscus posteriorly to avoid it being crushed

19
Q

What is the BLOOD SUPPLY of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

A

Popliteal Artery

20
Q

What NERVE innervates the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

A

Tibial Nerve

21
Q

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

A

PROXIMAL- Lateral Intercondylar Ridge of the Femur (Lateral Condyle of Femur)

DISTAL- anteriomedial aspect of the intercondylar area of the Tibial Plateau

22
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A
23
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the ACL?

A

Resists anterior shift of the tibia on the femur.

The ACL becomes taut when the knee is extended

24
Q

What clinical test is used to assess the ACL?

A

LACHMANN TEST

ANTERIOR DRAW TEST

25
Q

What Structure in the TIBIA is the ACL also attached to?

A

Medial Meniscus

26
Q

What are the Attachments of the POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT?

A

PROXIMAL- Anterolateral aspect of the MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE

DISTAL- Posterior Lateral intercondylar surface of the Tibial Plateau

27
Q

POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

A
28
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the PCL?

A

Prevents posterior displacement of the Tibia on the Femur

The PCL is Tight in FLEXION

29
Q

What clinical tests are used to assess the PCL?

A

Posterior Draw Test

POSTERIOR SAG SIGN

30
Q

POSTERIOR SAG SIGN/ GODFREY SIGN

A
31
Q

Which artery supplies both CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS?

A

MIDDLE GENICULAR ARTERY

32
Q

Where does the Middle Genicular Artery come from?

A

Branch of the POPLITEAL ARTERY

33
Q

Which Meniscus in the knee is larger?

A

MEDIAL MENISCUS is LARGER and More CRESCENT SHAPED compared to the LATERAL MENISCUS

34
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the Meniscus?

A
  • Increase Knee Stability

-Act as SHOCK ABSORBERS

35
Q

What attaches the Meniscus to the Tibia?

A

CORONONARY LIGAMENTS

36
Q

What structure is attached to the Medial Meniscus?

A

MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

37
Q

What is the Blood Supply of the Meniscus?

A

-POOR Blood supply

-Most of the Blood supply is to the outer zone of the meniscus via the Medial, Lateral and Middle Genicular Arteries

Lower Limb Anatomy (11 decks)

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