THE KNEE JOINT Flashcards by Simba Singh

Describe the CAPSULE of the KNEE JOINT?

FEMORAL ASPECT:
-Proximal Femoral Condyles
-Patella Retinaculum
-Femur Proximal to the groove for Popliteus Tendon

TIBIAL ASPECT:
-Tibial Condyles
-Head of Fibula Laterally

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How many layers form the KNEE CAPSULE?

2 LAYERS
-Outer Fibrous Layer
-Inner Synovial Layer- secretes synovial fluid

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What is the Patellar Retinaculum?

Consists of MEDIAL and LATERAL Patellar Retinaculum

Act to stabilise the Patella, preventing dislocation

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Which Bursa in the Knee joint communicates directly with the knee joint?

Suprapatellar Bursa

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Patellar Retinaculum

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What muscle perforates the knee capsule posteriolaterally?

Popliteus

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What are the ATTACHMENTS of the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

PROXIMAL- Posteriorsuperior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle (below the Adductor tubercle)

DISTAL- Medial Condyle of the Tibia, close to the insertion of SEMIMEMBRANOSUS TENDON

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What Structure within the knee is the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT attached to?

MEDIAL MENISCUS

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MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

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How do you TEST the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

VALGUS STRESS TEST
(LATERAL)

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What are the Attachments of the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

PROXIMAL- Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
DISTAL- Head of the Fibula

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What are the Attachments of the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

PROXIMAL- Lateral Epicondyle of Femur
DISTAL- Head of the Fibula

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LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

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How do you TEST the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT?

VARUS STRESS TEST
(MEDIAL)

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What are the Attachments of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

PROXIMAL- Lateral Condyle of Femur
DISTAL- Posterior Surface of the Tibia proximal to the soleal line

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POPLITEUS MUSCLE

SOLEAL LINE- TIBIA

What is the FUNCTION of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

NON- WEIGHT BEARING: INTERNALLY ROTATES THE TIBIA when bending the Knee

WEIGHT BEARING: Laterally rotates the femur on the Tibia

What structure is the Popliteus attached to?

Attached to the Lateral Meniscus.
Pulls the Meniscus posteriorly to avoid it being crushed

What is the BLOOD SUPPLY of the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

Popliteal Artery

What NERVE innervates the POPLITEUS MUSCLE?

Tibial Nerve

What are the ATTACHMENTS of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

PROXIMAL- Lateral Intercondylar Ridge of the Femur (Lateral Condyle of Femur)

DISTAL- anteriomedial aspect of the intercondylar area of the Tibial Plateau

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

What is the FUNCTION of the ACL?

Resists anterior shift of the tibia on the femur.

The ACL becomes taut when the knee is extended

What clinical test is used to assess the ACL?

LACHMANN TEST ANTERIOR DRAW TEST

What Structure in the TIBIA is the ACL also attached to?

Medial Meniscus

What are the Attachments of the POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT?

PROXIMAL- Anterolateral aspect of the MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE DISTAL- Posterior Lateral intercondylar surface of the Tibial Plateau

POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

What is the FUNCTION of the PCL?

Prevents posterior displacement of the Tibia on the Femur The PCL is Tight in FLEXION

What clinical tests are used to assess the PCL?

Posterior Draw Test POSTERIOR SAG SIGN

POSTERIOR SAG SIGN/ GODFREY SIGN

Which artery supplies both CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS?

MIDDLE GENICULAR ARTERY

Where does the Middle Genicular Artery come from?

Branch of the POPLITEAL ARTERY

Which Meniscus in the knee is larger?

MEDIAL MENISCUS is LARGER and More CRESCENT SHAPED compared to the LATERAL MENISCUS

What is the FUNCTION of the Meniscus?

- Increase Knee Stability -Act as SHOCK ABSORBERS

What attaches the Meniscus to the Tibia?

CORONONARY LIGAMENTS

What structure is attached to the Medial Meniscus?

MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

What is the Blood Supply of the Meniscus?

-POOR Blood supply -Most of the Blood supply is to the outer zone of the meniscus via the Medial, Lateral and Middle Genicular Arteries