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Locomotor > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

anterior medial posterior

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2
Q

anterior compartment movement, nerve, muscles

A

knee extensors
femoral nerve
quadriceps

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3
Q

roots of femoral nerve

A

L2,3,4

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4
Q

medial compartment movement muscle nerve

A

hip addiction
adductors
obturator nerve

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5
Q

roots of obturator nerve

A

l2.3.4

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6
Q

posterior compartment movement nerve muscles

A

sciatic nerve
hamstrings
know flexion

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7
Q

roots of sciatic nerve

A

l5, s1, s2

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8
Q

What passes through the adductor canal

A

femoral artery and vein

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9
Q

What are the major muscles in the anterior compartment

what do they do

A

iliopsoas (hip flexor)
sartorius (hip flexor and knee extensor)
quadriceps

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10
Q

What are the main adductors

A

adductor Magnus, longus, brevis

gracilis

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11
Q

where do the hamstrings originate and attach to

A

originate at ischial tuberosity, distal attachment to tibia, flex knee joint

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12
Q

What are the hamstrings

A

semitendinosus
semi membranous
biceps femoris

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13
Q

what is the pes anserinus

A

goose ‘s foot

insertion of sartorius, semitendinosus and gracilis

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14
Q

what articulates at the knee joint

A

lateral femoral and tibial condyles with their meniscus
medial condyles
patella and femur

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15
Q

what are the shapes of the condyles?

A

femur are curbed
tibial flat
so don’t articulate well

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16
Q

what does stability of the knee depend on

A

strength and actions of surrounding muscles and tendons

ligaments that connect femur and tibia

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17
Q

what is the mechanical axis

A

formed by diagonal position within thigh, tibia almost vertical, knee joint under hip joint so using both condyles equally

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18
Q

what is the Q line

A

from Asis to patella measuring length of femur forming q angle

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19
Q

what is the q angle in men and women

A

14 degrees men

17 women as hips

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20
Q

what is genu varum and genu valgum

A

varum is small q angle overloads medial condyle

valgum is large q angle, knocked knees, overloads lateral condyle

21
Q

what ligaments reinforce the knee

A 
iliotibial tract
collateral
patella ligament
pes anserinus 
semimembranosus tendon
22
Q

what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body

what does sesamoid mean

A

patella

develop in high regions of bone friction

23
Q

What happens to the patella if there is damage to the quadriceps and patella tendon

A

quadriceps - patella moves down as gravity

patella - moves up

24
Q

what does the patella reflex test

A

integrity of the femoral nerve and spinal segments l2-l4

25
Q

what is the role of the collateral ligaments

A

stabilise hinge like movement of the knee joint, prevents addiction and abduction

26
Q

what are the 2 collaterals

A

fibular collateral

tibial

27
Q

shape of fibular collateral, what its attached to, when taut, what it does

A

strong fibrous, not attached to lateral meniscus or joint capsule, taut in knee extension, prevents addiction of knee

28
Q

shape of tibial collateral, attachments, when taut, what it does

A

broad flat, attaches to medial meniscus, taut in knee extension, prevents knee abduction

29
Q

where are the crucial ligaments? shape what do they do

A

cross shaped within inter condylar region of tibia connecting tibia and finia, prevents displacement of tibia in respect to femur

30
Q

what are the two cruciate ligament

A

posterior cruciate ligament and anterior cruciate ligament

31
Q

location of posterior cruciate ligament and function

A

from posterior intercondylar area of tibia and sons anteriorly attaching to medial wall of femoral intercondylar fossa
stops tibia moving backward on femur
helps stabilise knee in flexion
prevents external rotation

32
Q

which cruciate ligament is stronger

A

posterior cruciate ligament

33
Q

location of anterior cruciate ligament and function

A

from anterior intercondylar area of tibia and ascends posteriorly attaching to lack of lateral intercondylar fossa of femur
stops fibia moving forward on femur
stabilises knee in extension preventing hyper extension and excessive internal rotation

34
Q

what does and anterior cruciate ligament rupture result in

A

anterior drawer sign

35
Q

what does posterior cruciate ligament rupture result in

A

posterior drawer sign

36
Q

where can you take a anterior cruciate ligament graft from

A

bone tendon bone from patella ligament or from hamstring tendons (semi tenderness and gracilis tendons)

37
Q

what are the mensici?

A

fibrocartilage plates which deepen knee joint and help with shock absorption

38
Q

shape attachment of medial mensicus

A

c shaped
broader posteriorly
anteriorly attached to ACL
firmly adhered to tibial collateral ligament

39
Q

shape and attachment of lateral meniscus

A

nearly circular
smaller and more freely moveable than medial meniscus
attached to PCL

40
Q

what does a tear in the medial mensicus commonly result in and why

A

tear to tibial collateral as very close and tear of ACL (unhappy triad)

41
Q

what bursa do you have in the knee

A

suprapatella
prepatella
deep infrapatella
superficial infrapatella

42
Q

propose of bursae

A

act as cushions against friction and rubbing off tendons ligaments and bones around the knee joint

43
Q

what is housemaids knee

A

prepatella bursitis

44
Q

what is bakers cyst

A

normal bursa or heniation of joint capsule
associated with meniscal tears
degenerative arthiritis of the knee

45
Q

what do the hamstring and patellar tendons do

A

prevents forwards movement of tibia on femur

46
Q

what are the extra capsular structures

A

hamstring tendon
patella tendon
collaterals

47
Q

what are the intracapsular structures

A

cruciates

mensici

48
Q

superior and inferior border of popliteal fossa

A

s - hamstrings

I - gastrocnemius

49
Q

what does the sural nerve innervated, where does it stem from

A

sensory to lateral leg, branch from tibial and common perineal

Locomotor (12 decks)

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