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Locomotor > The Elbow > Flashcards

The Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 joints make up the articular capsule?

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

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2
Q

What is the carrying angle of the elbow?

A

Allows forearm to clear the hips and is important for carrying objects
women have slightly larger than men as hips as there

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3
Q

What condyles make up the elbow? What are other names for them?

A

Capitulum - little head

Trochlea - pulley

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4
Q

What are the epicondyles of the elbow?

A

Lateral to the condyles - medial and lateral

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5
Q

What epicondyle do muscles attach to?

A

Medial epicondyle as it is larger

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6
Q

What is the olecranon process?

A

The posterior hook shaped process on the elbow

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7
Q

What are the 2 collateral ligaments and what are their shape?

A

ulnar collateral
radial collateral
triangular shape

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8
Q

What are the 3 ligaments at the elbow?

A

ulnar collateral
radial collateral
anular ligament

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9
Q

Where is the anular ligament?

A

encircles the head of the radius and keeps the radius in the radial notch of the ulnar

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10
Q

What joint does the anular ligament form?

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint for pronation and suppination

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11
Q

What is a sublaxation?

A

Incomplete dislocation

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12
Q

Why is a sublaxation of the promixal radioulnar joint common in infants

A

Anular ligament attaches loosely to ulna

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13
Q

What muscles are used for flexion of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii

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14
Q

Which muscles are used for flexion of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

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15
Q

Which muscles are used for pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator Quadratus

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16
Q

Which muscles are used for supination?

A

Suppinator

biceps brachii

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17
Q

How many compartments does the upper arm have?

A

2 - anterior and posterior

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18
Q

What is in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Shoulder and elbow extensors

Radial nerve

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19
Q

What is in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Shoulder and elbow flexors

Musculocutaneous nerve

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20
Q

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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21
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the upper arm? What are its spinal roots?

A

Musculocuteneous nerve

C5, C6, C7

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22
Q

What does the biceps reflex test for?

A

C5 and C6 reflex arcs

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23
Q

What is the role of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexes and adducts shoulder

Resists dislocation

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24
Q

Where is the brachialis?

A

Distal humerus

Coronoid process of ulna

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25
Q

What is the role of the brachialis?

A

Flexes in all positions - even in pronation and suppination

26
Q

What is the function of the biceps brachii?

A

Flexor at shoulder and elbow

Powerful supinator

27
Q

Do biceps act in flexion of elbow and why?

A

brachi attaches to radius so is affected by pronation and supination, tendon of biceps gets wrapped around radius

28
Q

What does the short head of the biceps brachii attach to?

A

Coracoid process

29
Q

What does the long head of the biceps brachii attach to?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle just above scapula, is lateral to short

30
Q

When you do swan and flex upper arms which mucles are used and why?

A

pronation - just brachialis
if just flex hand inwards - supination brachialis and biceps brachii
biceps brachii is affected by flexion as contacts radius but brachialis is just connecting to ulna so can flex in all directions

31
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Triceps

Anconeus

32
Q

WHat nerve is in the posterior compartment of the bdoy and what are its roots?

A 
Radial Nerve (C5-T1)
C 7,8
33
Q

What does the triceps reflex test for?

A

C7 and C8 reflex arcs

34
Q

Where is the aconeus?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to olecranon

35
Q

What is the role of the aconeus?

A

helps triceps in elbow extension

36
Q

What is the function of the triceps brachii?

A

elbow extensor

37
Q

What are the heads of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head (infraglenoid tubercle of scapula)
Lateral head
Medial head

38
Q

Which head crosses the shoulder joint?

A

Long head of the triceps brachii

39
Q

Where does the radial nerve run?

A

Between medial and lateral head of the triceps brachii

Right on the back of the humerus

40
Q

What can cause a radial nerve damage?

A

Fracture to humerus shaft

41
Q

What is the pathway of the radial nerve? Which compartment is it in?

A

The Radial nerve runs in the posterior compartment of the arm, but pierces the intermuscular septum to run anterior to the lateral epicondyle at the elbow

42
Q

What is the pathway of the ulnar nerve? Which compartment is it in?

A

The Ulnar nerve runs in the anterior compartment of the arm, and pierces the intermuscular septa to pass posterior to the medial epicondyle to enter the forearm

43
Q

What is the funny bone and why do you get a sensation?

A

Medial epicondyle is funny bone and you are compressing your ulna nerve

44
Q

What is the pathway of the musculocutaneous nerve? Which compartment is it in?

A

The Musculocutaneous nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, and the emerges lateral to the biceps as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

45
Q

What is the pathway of the median nerve? Which compartment is it in?

A

The Median nerve runs in the anterior compartment of the arm, and crosses the anterior aspect of the elbow to enter the anterior compartment of the forearm

46
Q

Where does the pronator teres run?

A

from medial condyle to radius

47
Q

Where does the pronator quadratus run?

A

anteriorly between radius and ulna

48
Q

What occurs during pronation?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus contract so get shorter pulling radius over ulna.

49
Q

What bursa do you have at the elbow joint?

A

Deep (subtendinous) olecranon bursa
Intratendinous olecranon bursa
Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa

50
Q

Where is the Deep (subtendinous) olecranon bursa

A

Between olecranon and triceps tendon

51
Q

Where is the intratendinous olecranon bursa

A

Sometimes present in triceps tendon

52
Q

Where is the Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa

A

Located in subcutaneous connective tissue

53
Q

What is bursistis?

A

Affects Superficial (subcutaneous) olecranon bursa
Swelling
students elbow

54
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Anterior depression in front of elbow joint – superficial veins of the arms are here -

55
Q

What is another name for the cubital fossa?

A

Antecubital fossa

56
Q

Where are the medial cubital veins?

A

Superficially in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the cubital fossa are the median cubital veins, related to the basilic and cephalic veins.

57
Q

What is the tendon in the elbow?

A

Bicipital Aponeurosis

58
Q

What are the arteries of the arm?

A 
Brachial artery
Collateral branches
Profunda brachii
Ulnar artery
Radial artery
59
Q

Where does the brachial artery branch and into what?

A

Right after cubital fossa into ulna and radial arteries

60
Q

What does the cubital fossa actually contain?

A

Terminal part of brachial artery
Bicipital aponeurosis - tendon
Deep veins (brachial veins)
Median nerve

Locomotor (12 decks)

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