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Locomotor > The Hip > Flashcards

The Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hip equivalent to the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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2
Q

What movements can occur at the hip

A

extension flexion abduction addiction lateral and medial rotation

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3
Q

When is the hip joint more relaxed?

A

When sat down, extended when standing

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4
Q

What is the most powerful muscle in the body?

A

Gluteus maximus

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5
Q

What is the most powerful group of muscles in the body

A

quadriceps

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6
Q

what does the ligament of the head of the femur do?

A

attaches the head of the femur to acetabulum inside the joint keeping the two structures together

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7
Q

What is another name for the ligament of the head of the femur

A

ligamentum teres

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the fat in the joint?

A

provides cushioning for thinnest part of acetabulum filling central region

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9
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

fibrocartilage ring goes round joint and adds suction with synovial fluid

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10
Q

Why is there so much stability in the hip?

A

deep insertion of femoral head in acetabulum, strong articulate capsule, ligament of head of femur, large powerful muscles, fat pad

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11
Q

What is the role of the rotators?

A

medial and lateral rotators, medial pull on anterior side and lateral on posterior side of femur into the cup, helps stability

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12
Q

what happens to the rotator fibres when sitting down and standing up

A

sitting - fibres are horizontal

standing - vertical and twist winding head of femur into cup

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the greater trochanter and where is it

A

proximal femur, muscle attachment point

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14
Q

What is the acetabulum made up of?

A

ischium
pubis
ilium

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15
Q

What is the the rim of fibrocartilage?

A

acetabular labrum
increases acetabular articular surface by 10%
blood vessels pass into joint through notch and in ligamentum teres

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16
Q

What does the pubic symphysis join!

A

2 hemi pelvises

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17
Q

Where is the articular capsule strongest?

A

over anterior parts as less muscle here to strengthen it

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18
Q

What is the weakest part of the articular capsule!

A

posterior as more muscle here like your gluteus maximus

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19
Q

what is the strongest ligament in the articular capsule? what does it do?

A

anterior iliofemoral joint preventing excessive hip extension

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20
Q

how does the anterior iliofemoral ligament change when sitting and standing?

A

sitting relaxed

standing taut

21
Q

What is seen in a dislocated hip

A

leg is shortened
medially rotated
addicted
hip joint goes posteriorly onto weakest part of capsule (thin articular iliofemoral ligament)

22
Q

What can happen to the nerves in a hip dislocation

A

sciatic nerve compressed or stretched by femur head as taken out of acetabulum and end up with nerve palsy

23
Q

why is the blood supply not really affected by hip dislocation

A

blood supply is posterior through femoral sheath under Inguinal ligament

24
Q

What nerve is responsible for hip flexion

A

femoral nerve

25
Q

which muscles allow hip flexion

A

iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major)
sartorius
pectineus

26
Q

What does the sartorius do?

A

hip flexion
hip abduction
lateral rotation of hip

27
Q

what does pectineus do

A

addiction and medial rotation of the hip

28
Q

what is the iliopsoas made up of

A

iliacus and psoas major

29
Q

What does the psoas minor do

A

helps stabilise psoas major in hip flexion

30
Q

what are the main hip abductors

A

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

31
Q

what is the muscle for lateral rotation

A

piriformis

32
Q

Which muscles allow hip flexion

A

quadriceps

mainly rectus femoris

33
Q

Which muscles allow hip extension

A

gluteus maximus

hamstrings assist

34
Q

what is the gluteus maximus innervated by

A

inferior gluteal nerve

35
Q

what are the hamstrings innervated by

A

tibial division of the sciatic

36
Q

which muscles allow hip abduction

what innervation

A

gluteus medius and minumus
superior gluteal nerve
tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve

37
Q

which muscles allow hip addiction

innervation

A 
medial thigh
adductor longus, adductor, adductor Magnus
gracious
pectineus
obturator externus

obturator nerve

38
Q

which muscles allow hip lateral rotation

A

gluteus maximus

adductor group

39
Q

which muscles allow hip medial rotation

A

gluteus medius/minumus

tensor fascia lata

40
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

layers of broad flat tendons which have multiple muscles entering it

41
Q

What is the iliotibial tract

A

long aponeurosis for tensor fascia lata and superficial and anterior parts of gluteus maximus

42
Q

What is the role of the iliotibial tract

A

thickening of deep fascia from ilium to tibia stabilising lateral side of hip and knee, muscles around tightened

43
Q

how can you get IT band syndrome

A

iliotibial tract runs over laterofemoral epicondyle and gets irritated from repetitive use

44
Q

Which sites are femur fractures usually at

A

high in femoral neck - sub capital
across the neck - cervical
trochanteric region
pretrochanteric

45
Q

where do older patients normally get fractures in the femur and why

A

across the neck cervical

osteoporosis so weaker and more brittle

46
Q

which femur fracture can affect blood supply

A

trochanteric

47
Q

what is seen in femur fractures

A

external rotation and shortened

shentons line disrupted by fracture

48
Q

what orthopaedic hardware is used for femur fractures

A

screws
hip replacement
compression plate

49
Q

What is the main problem as a result of a fracture to the neck of the femu

A

disruption to blood supply to femoral head and Avascular necrosis

acetabular branch of obturator artery will close in most adults and becomes fibrotic so doesn’t do anything
but
profunda femoris sends off lateral and medial circumflex around femur neck and branches to head and neck of femur, retrograde blood supply

Locomotor (12 decks)

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