Fascia

Question 1

What movements are involved in circumduction?

Answer 1

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Question 2

What is the axial skeleton made up of?

Answer 2

Skull, rib cage, sternum, vertebral column

Question 3

What is the appendicular skeleton made up of?

Answer 3

Upper and lower limbs

Question 4

Where does the scapula move in protraction and retraction?

Answer 4

Protraction - laterally

Retraction - closer to vertebral column

Question 5

What is the upper limb made up of?

Answer 5

Pectoral girdle, humerus, carpal, metacarpal, radius, ulna, phalanges, associated muscle/nerves/vessels

Question 6

How many carpals and metacarpals do you have in the upper limb?

Answer 6

5 metacarpals and 8 carpals

Question 7

Which joints make up the elbow joint?

Answer 7

Humero-radial, proximal and distal radio-ulnar, humero-ulnar

Question 8

What joints are in the upper limb?

Answer 8

Sternoclavicular, acromioclaviular, glenohumeral, elbow joint (3), radio-carpal, intercarpal, carpo-metacarpal, metacarpophlangeal, proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal, physiological scapulothoracic, radius-ulna interosseous membrane

Question 9

What structures make up the lower limb?

Answer 9

Pelvic girdle, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, associated muscles nerves and vessels

Question 10

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 10

Sacrum and pelvis

Question 11

How many tarsals and metatarsals do you have?

Answer 11

7 tarsals and 5 metatarsals

Question 12

What synovial joints are in the lower limb?

Answer 12

Sacro-iliac, talo-crural, hip, knee, femoral-patella, intertarsal, tarsal-meotarsal, metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal

Question 13

What other joints are in the lower limb?

Answer 13

Pubic symphysis, tibia-fibula interosseous membrane

Question 14

What is the pubic symphysis between?

Answer 14

2 sides of the pelvic girdle?

Question 15

What is the difference between the upper and limb function?

Answer 15

Upper has more movement and for positioning whilst lower has less so more for posture and support

Question 16

What is the role of muscles?

Answer 16

Attach the bones and hold them in place, indirectly and directly via tendons and fascia

Question 17

What does fascia attach to?

Answer 17

Ridges on bones and binds with periosteum

Question 18

What do fascial compartments contain?

Answer 18

Groups of muscles with similar functions and their nerve supply

Question 19

What are the types of fascia and what is the difference between them?

Answer 19

Superficial fascia made up of loose CT

Depp fascia is tough dense fibrous membrane enclosing compartment

Question 20

What separates different fascial compartments?

Answer 20

Intermuscular septa

Question 21

What is the periosteum?

Answer 21

Outer fibrous layer of bone which deep fascia blends with

Question 22

What is a retinaculum?

Answer 22

Near some joints deep fascia becomes thickened and holds tendons in place so they don’t get damaged and tangled during movement (flexion and extension)

Question 23

What is the negative thing about fascia?

Answer 23

May have infections/tumour in fascial compartment so will spread easily to entire compartment and muscles in them.

Question 24

how does fascia help venous blood return?

Answer 24

Fascia limits outward expansion of contracting muscles and instead force the muscle in towards the skeleton, this compresses the deep veins making the blood pump against gravity