The Kidneys

Question 1

where is loop of Henle located, and what is it made from?

Answer 1

• medulla (inner layer) of kidneys
• 2 limbs - descending limb and ascending limb

Question 2

what do the limbs control?

Answer 2

• movement of sodium ions
• so water can = reabsorbed by blood

Question 3

what is the WP of blood monitored by?

Answer 3

cells - osmoreceptors

• in part of brain - hypothalamus

Question 4

what is the clearance value of glucose?

Answer 4

0

Question 5

explain how the activity of the kidney results in the clearance value for glucose?

Answer 5

• filtration out of blood into renal capsule
• hydrostatic pressure
• PCT
• ALL reabsorbed
• active transport

Question 6

explain the shape of the curve for sodium ions in loop of henle?

Answer 6

• sodium ions pumped out of ascending limb
• water passes out of descending limb
• some sodium ions re-enter descending limb by diffusion
• high conc at base of loop

Question 7

explain the change in amount of glucose in PCT?

Answer 7

• reabsorption
• by active transport

Question 8

all volunteers were given same food for 3 days

suggest and explain one reason why?

Answer 8

• affects WP
• affects vol of urine produced

Question 9

furosemide is sometimes used to lower blood pressure.

suggest how furosemide would cause a decrease in blood pressure?

Answer 9

• lowers volume of blood

Question 10

furosemide inhibits absorption of sodiu and chloride ions from te filtrate produced in nephrons.

explain how furosemide causes an increase in volume of urine produced?

Answer 10

• WP of filtrate dec
• less water REABSORBED via osmosis from filtrate
• collecting duct where water reabsorbed

Question 11

in a data q where they show sds, and ask you to conclude the effectiveness of something

what do you ALWAYS mention?

Answer 11

whether SDs overlap or not —> sig / not sig